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51.
Max Friedrich Steinhardt 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2007,87(8):544-549
Ein zentrales Thema in der aktuellen politischen Debatte in Deutschland ist die Integration der ausl?ndischen Bev?lkerung.
Welche Rolle spielt dabei die Einbürgerung und wie sehen die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen hierfür aus? Wie entwickelte sich
die Zahl der eingebürgerten Personen? Woher kommen sie, wie ist ihre Altersstruktur und welche Bildung haben sie? Welche Implikationen
ergeben sich für die Integrationspolitik? 相似文献
52.
53.
Scenarios are widely used in large organisations as a planning tool. The success of this tool, however, depends on its ability to link macroviews of economic, social, and political events to the unique operating experience of a specific type of organisation. This article describes a formal linking procedure for assessing the impact of several scenarios on a large bank. The goal is to define those sets of economic, technological, and regulatory conditions which are most favourable (a “best scenario”) and those which are least favourable (a “worst scenario”). 相似文献
54.
55.
Michael Schmid 《Empirica》1988,15(1):95-115
Conclusions This paper offers a unifying dynamic system approach to real government debt and real capital formation in a world economy. The sustainability of permanently maintained primary fiscal deficits is investigated in an open economy. In particular if national governments compete in the issuance of debt at an international capital market sustainable debt profiles appear only as a theoretical (i. e., not empirically valid) curiosity. Within the more realistic regime of an undercapitalized world economy a nation can only run a permanently maintained primary surplus. Starting from a PMP surplus the paper also demonstrates the viability of temporary deficits implying an increase in taxation later to stabilize the fiscal debt. By reversing the argument this shows, the right way to reduce government debt in a non-traumatic manner is to run a higher temporary surplus via higher taxation. Using this extrasurplus to buy back fiscal debt the economy may reduce taxation later while enjoying vigorous capital accumulation towards a higher capital-labour ratio. Furthermore, the paper shows that ceteris paribus a relatively high social security load and a relatively high size of a balanced budget causes external indebtedness via consumption oriented current account deficits. It is left for further research to see what happens if government borrows for public investment instead of public consumption.My research was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. While preparing the paper 1 had access to unpublished work by M. Carlberg and T. Ihori. Discussions with M. Carlberg, H. Großmann, J. Michaelis, and H. Schmid are gratefully acknowledged. The diagrams were mastered by C. Schwarz. 相似文献
56.
The paper aims at comparing the formal and informal labour marketsin the Central and Eastern European new EU Member States andcandidate countries of the European Union. First, the currentsituation of the labour market is described, focusing on therecent developments since the breaking up of the East. Thenthe policy design of these labour markets is depicted and itseffects on formal and informal labour markets. The most importantchallenges for employment policy as well as the effects of enlargementon the labour markets are analysed. The paper ends with a shortsummary. (JEL J21, J23, H26, H11, O17, O57) 相似文献
57.
Empirical Economics - The paper surveys various parametric Lorenz curves to be fitted to grouped income data in order to obtain an estimate for the Gini measure of inequality. The curves are fitted... 相似文献
58.
From a theoretical point of view, the relationship between corruption and the shadow economy is ambiguous: They can either
be substitutes or complements. This paper contributes to this debate by using a structural equation model with two latent
variables to extract information on various dimensions of corruption and the shadow economy. Analyzing a sample of 51 countries
around the world over the period 2000 to 2005, we present empirical evidence for a complementary (positive) relationship of
corruption and the shadow economy. 相似文献
59.
Reinhard Neck Jens Uwe W?chter Friedrich Schneider 《International Tax and Public Finance》2012,19(1):104-117
In this paper we investigate how the possibility of (legal) tax avoidance affects the extent of (illegal) tax evasion and
hence the shadow economy. We formulate a theoretical microeconomic model of household behavior in which households can participate
in the official and in the shadow economy. Using comparative statics, we show that the complexity of the tax system affects
participation in the shadow economy negatively, i.e. a more complex tax system with more possibilities of legal tax avoidance
implies, ceteris paribus, a smaller labor supply in the shadow economy. In addition, we show that a reduction in the maximum
admissible number of working hours in the official economy increases the labor supply in the shadow economy. 相似文献
60.