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排序方式: 共有227条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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J.F.A. Spangenberg J.H.R. Van De Poel J. Winter J. De Vreese S. Van De Vathorst T. Coenen J. Spangenberg D. Reis Miranda G. Iappichino 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》1989,1(4):367-392
Intensive care units (ICUs) are classic examples of high technology medicine. The ICU has become an essential step in the clinical management of patients passing through a phase of critical illness, However, the costs are extremely h9gh (1% of GNP in the USA), whereas it has not ben adeqyately demonstrated that routine admission to intensive care is associated with an increase in survival rate and a decrease in morbidity. Consequently, intensive care is a logical arena in which to encourage more efficient use. The paper focuses on determinates of the technical efficiency of the ICU. Technical efficiency can only be ensured when the ICU is conceived as a responsibility centre where inputs, throughputs and outputs are measured. The reaponsbility centre in characterized by management control, which is dependent on reliable information regarding incentives and constraints of ICU performance. On the basis of the medical and economic literature, conjectures are made on determinants of ICU performance. In addition, some results are presented of a feasibility study commissional by the Netherlands Ministry of Health. 相似文献
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Iris Kesternich James P. Smith Joachim K. Winter Maximiliane Hörl 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2020,122(1):280-305
Can a major shock in childhood permanently shape trust? We consider a hunger episode in Germany after World War II, and we construct a measure of hunger exposure from official data on caloric rations set monthly by the occupying forces, providing regional and temporal variations. We correlate hunger exposure with measures of trust using data from a nationally representative sample of the German population. We show that individuals exposed to low caloric rations in childhood have significantly lower levels of trust as adults. This finding highlights that early-life experiences can have long-term effects in domains other than health, where such effects are well documented. 相似文献
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Eyal Winter 《The Rand journal of economics》2010,41(3):504-523
This article studies the effect of transparency among peers on the principal's cost of providing incentives. Using directed graphs to represent peer information, we show that under complementarity the cost of providing incentives is decreasing with the level of transparency within the organization. We also investigate the role of the architecture of the information in boosting incentives. In arguing that substitution impedes the benefits of transparency, we will compare function‐based teams with process‐based teams, showing that the latter are more effective in providing incentives. 相似文献
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Gerrit Heinemann 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2010,27(3):44-49
Web-Exzellenz zeichnet erfolgreiche Online-H?ndler aus, die besser performen als der Durchschnitt und in der Lage sind, mit
ihren Leistungen im E-Commerce den Benchmark zu setzen. Obwohl in der Online-Praxis der Begriff Web-Exzellenz bereits umfassend Verwendung findet, ist er bisher wissenschaftlich
weder fundiert noch belegt worden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt Best Practices und Erfolgsfaktoren. 相似文献
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Moshe Babaioff Michal Feldman Noam Nisan Eyal Winter 《Journal of Economic Theory》2012,147(3):999-1034
We study a combinatorial variant of the classical principal-agent model. In our setting a principal wishes to incentivize a team of strategic agents to exert costly effort on his behalf. Agents? actions are hidden and the principal observes only the outcome of the team, which depends stochastically on the complex combinations of the efforts by the agents. The principal seeks the mechanism that maximizes the principal?s net revenue given an equilibrium behavior of the agents. We investigate the structure of the optimal mechanism for various production technologies as the principal?s value from the project varies. In doing so we quantify the gap between the first-best and second-best solutions. Our results highlight the qualitative and quantitative differences between production technologies that exhibit complementarities and substitutabilities between the agents? actions. In comparing the first best with the second best we highlight the role of effort monitoring by the principal. As we shall see, the benefit from monitoring crucially depends on the underlying technology, with the two polar cases being perfect substitution and perfect complementarity. 相似文献
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The paper examines drivers of change in agricultural land use in order to identify data requirements and assess data suitability. In order to assess the fitness for purpose of available data, the paper provides an overview of the sources of data for agriculture and land use in the UK, in both a contemporary and historical context. It provides a brief assessment of the state of scientific knowledge on the analysis of land use change, combined with a consideration of some of the possible advances promised by the new land use science. 相似文献
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