全球化背景下产业集群的升级——以浙江慈溪、义乌、桐乡典型产业集群为例

产业集群为企业和区域提供了强大的竞争力,但产业集群本身面临着升级的问题。在全球化背景下,产业集群应在全球价值链中从低往高爬升。文章通过实证方法,以浙江省慈溪小家电、义乌小商品、桐乡毛衫三个典型产业集群为例,分析了我国产业集群在全球价值链中从制造、设计到自创品牌的动态升级过程。     

跨国合同诈骗犯罪的发展趋势与原因分析

跨国合同诈骗是当前各类跨国经济犯罪活动中比重最大,危害最为严重的犯罪类型之一,并随着世界经济一体化进程的深化呈现出了新的发展趋势.针对当前跨国合同诈骗犯罪的现状,研究分析其发展趋势和形成原因对跨国合同诈骗犯罪的法律规制和防控有重要意义.     

完善农村金融的政策建议

一、我国农村金融面临的困境分析 1．农村金融组织难以满足三农要求 近年来，出于自身经济效益的考虑，国有商业银行更加注重集约化经营，县域内的国有商业银行机构大量撤并。另一方面，随着农村行政管理体制改革，一些乡镇实施撤并，设在这些乡镇的信用社及农业银行营业所也发生同方向变动，从而使有限的金融机构难以满足农村多元化、分散性的金融需求。而且，农村信用社与农业银行过分强调风险防范，实行贷款责任终身追究制，严重挫伤了信贷员的放贷积极性。他们为减轻责任追究，实行严格审批程序和审批条件，人为设置贷款障碍，拉长信贷决策链条，制约了三农对资金的要求。     

How useful are signals? A micro-structure analysis

We analyze how the market processes a signaling event by studying a sample of self-tender offers, events often viewed as signals of firm value. By examining changes in the degree of informed trading, we find asymmetric information costs fall at announcement, remain low throughout the event, and increase at offer expiration. By one month following expiration, informed trading returns to a level not significantly different from that prior to the offer. Higher risk firms have significantly larger declines in information asymmetry during the offer. Increases in information asymmetry persist one month following expiration for firms with lower pre-offer informed trading. (JEL G14, G32)     

第三方逆向物流决策研究

分析了企业在决定逆向物流业务外包时要考虑的影响因素,给出了企业逆向物流业务外包的决策程序框图。在此基础上,研究了如何建立指标体系,运用层次分析法对备选的第三方逆向物流企业进行评价。     

A review and validation of overall survival extrapolation in health technology assessments of cancer immunotherapy by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: how did the initial best estimate compare to trial data subsequently made available?

Background: Validation of overall survival (OS) extrapolations of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Single Technology Assessment (STA) process is limited due to data still maturing at the time of submission. Inaccurate extrapolation may lead to inappropriate decision-making. The availability of more mature trial data facilitates a retrospective analysis of the plausibility and validity of initial extrapolations. This study compares these extrapolations to subsequently available longer-term data.

Methods: A systematic search of completed NICE appraisals of ICIs from March 2000 to December 2017 was performed. A targeted search was also undertaken to procure published OS data from the pivotal clinical trials for each identified STA made available post-submission to NICE. Initial Kaplan-Meier curves and associated extrapolations from NICE documentation were extracted to compare the accuracy of OS projections versus the most mature data.

Results: The review identified 11 STAs, of which 10 provided OS data upon submission to NICE. The extrapolations undertaken considered parametric or piecewise survival models. Additional data cut-offs provided a mean of 18 months of OS beyond the end of the original data. Initial extrapolations typically under-estimated OS from the most mature data cut-off by 0.4–2.7%, depending on the choice of assessment method and use of the manufacturer- or ERG-preferred extrapolation.

Conclusion: Long-term extrapolation of OS is required for NICE STAs based on initial immature OS data. The results of this study demonstrate that the initial OS extrapolations employed by manufacturers and ERGs generally predicted OS reasonably well when compared to more mature data (when available), although on average they appeared to underestimate OS. This review and validation shows that, while the choice of OS extrapolation is uncertain, the methods adopted are generally aligned with later-published follow-up data and appear appropriate for informing HTA decisions.     

绿色农业的农村妇女道路研究

妇女作为人类生命的孕育者，对人类赖以生存的地球环境，有着息息相关的感情和强烈的责任意识，从而更容易成为环境保护的理论先驱和积极实践者。本文阐述了农村妇女与绿色农业的内在关联，认为构建绿色农业必须要大力开发农村妇女这一人力资源。     

知识经济时代与社会转型

知识经济时代的出现是生产力发展的结果，生产力的发展决定了社会形态的更替和人类社会的转型。社会转型是知识经济时代的历史必然。     

我国证券市场监管基础建设研究

我国证券监管不力的根本原因在于证券监管基础建设方面存在缺陷。我们可以借鉴发达国家经验，从我国证券市场法律法规体系、证券监管体制、市场规律、国际间证券监管的合作等方面着手，加强和完善我国证券监管的基础建设。     

社会资本发展对企业财务的影响分析

社会资本理论于80年代晚期才引起理论界的广泛关注,此后又引入企业社会资本概念。社会资本的积累直接关系到企业的生存与发展,本文将社会资本理论应用于财务领域,从收益和风险两方面探讨了企业投资于社会资本应考虑的问题,为企业有目的地构建社会资本做初步分析。