Repeated Dichotomous Choice Formats for Elicitation of Willingness to Pay: Simultaneous Estimation and Anchoring Effect

Repeated dichotomous choice contingent valuation data are generated from responses to a succession of binary questions regarding alternative prices for an environmental good. In this paper we propose a simultaneous equation model that allows for endogeneity and error correlation across the responses at each stage of the bidding process. The model allows us to study the evolution of anchoring effects after the second dichotomous choice question. Estimation involves the Bayesian techniques of Gibbs sampling and data augmentation, and the application focuses on the preservation value of a natural area. The results for a data set involving up to four successive dichotomous choice questions show that restricted multiple-bounded models are rejected by the data with the general model. In addition, willingness to pay tends to stabilize after the second stage in the elicitation process for the general unrestricted model. When taking anchoring effects into consideration, it is revealed that individuals’ responses in the latter stages are influenced by the sequence of bid prices offered in earlier questions. Nevertheless, they do not have a significant effect on welfare estimates.      

银行监管理论的发展趋势——监管有效性理论

新的金融环境下,传统的监管理论遭遇挑战,其有效性受到置疑。监管有效性理论立足新问题,着重从资本监管、市场纪律和激励相容三个方面予以改进,试图提高银行监管的有效性。鉴于我国银行监管缺乏效率的现状,监管有效性理论具有一定的借鉴价值。     

建设和谐深圳是一项社会创新工程

建设和谐深圳是一个观念更新的过程。它要求全社会牢固树立以人为本的发展观,以追求效率、公平和协同,改革、发展和稳定,经济、社会和生态等社会进步的集群目标代替追求单一的发展目标,在继续保持经济的健康快速增长、加快改善人民物质生活的同时,加快政治文明、精神文明和生态文明建设,使经济的健康发展建立在社会、生态健康发展的基础上。在社会营造一种鼓励竞争与倡导合作,支持强者与关怀弱者、追求经济利益和社会总体利益相对均衡的发展氛围,促进社会进步的协同性和安全性,高度关注和努力抑制因社会转型、利益调整、梯度发展和要素流动…     

CAPITALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT IN AGRICULTURAL LAND PRICES: WHAT DO WE KNOW?

Abstract.  The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of existing literature, both theoretically and empirically, on the extent to which agricultural subsidies do translate into higher land values and rents and finally benefit landowners instead of agricultural producers. Our review shows that agricultural support policy instruments contribute to increasing the rental price of farmland, and that the extent of this increase closely depends on the level of the supply price elasticity of farmland relative to those of other factors/inputs on the one hand, and on the range of the possibilities of factor/input substitution in agricultural production on the other hand. The empirical literature shows that land prices and rents have in general a significant positive and inelastic response to government support. Such inelastic response is thought to reflect the uncertain future of the farm programmes. And in general, studies have indicated that land prices are more responsive to government-based returns than to market-based returns.     

观赏渔业:部市型水产业的新亮点--上海发展观赏渔业的思考和建议

观赏渔业是都市型水产业发展的经济增长点，本文从观赏鱼需求和供应两方面分析了发展观赏渔业的潜力和存在的问题，在发展观赏渔业的理论和实践措施方面作了积极的探索。     

新土地分类在1∶1000大比例尺土地利用现状调查中的应用

研究目的:探讨新土地分类体系在1∶1000大比例尺下的适用性,提出修订建议。研究方法:文献分析法,实例验证法。研究结果:(1)分析了新土地分类产生的背景及意义;(2)阐述了新土地分类在使用中存在的分类层次数目少且略显粗糙以及界线不严谨等问题;(3)提出了增加分类层次,清晰表达地类涵义,统一分类标准等修订新土地分类体系的建议。研究结论:新土地分类体系是符合我国国情、适应经济发展的土地利用分类体系。     

城市化过程中的土地增值研究——以长春市为例

采用理论与实证相结合的研究方法,分析城市化过程中土地增值的规律、特点、机理以及与城市空间发展的互动机制.研究结果表明:(1)城市化过程中土地增值表现出一定的客观规律性,且具有整体、独立、辐射、共存和不可逆转等特点;(2)城市土地增值主要有投资、用途转变、供求拉动、政策法规引导等形成机制;(3)城市土地增值与城市空间发展...     

基于线性相位近似的SOQPSK-TG信号同步算法

SOQPSK-TG （Telemetry Group version of Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Key）具有良好的频率利用率和功率利用率,广泛应用于无线通信系统当中。在连续通信模式下,SOQPSK-TG信号的同步主要采用直接判决算法。为进一步降低算法复杂度,推导了基于线性相位近似的最大似然估计误差鉴别器,理论上分析了算法估计性能,并搭建了简化的接收模型。通过仿真证明了算法在估计性能上优于脉冲幅度调制方法,算法误码率接近理论性能。     

浅谈特区经济发展中的计算机教育

一、特区经济发展中计算机教育的重要作用 经济特区是中国经济体制改革的“试验田”，也是中国对外开放的“窗口”和通往世界的桥梁。1979年创办经济特区，经过5年的努力，取得初步成功。国务院马上推广特区经验，于1984年5月宣布开放了天津、上海、大连、秦皇岛等14个沿海城市。同年10月，中共中央又做出《关于经济体制改革的决定》，提出国内经济发达地区和比较不发达地区，沿海、内地和边疆，城市和农村，