Firm fundamentals and stock prices in emerging Asian stock markets: some panel data evidence

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the direct link between firm fundamentals and stock prices in a set of emerging Asian stock markets using firm-level panel data. In doing so, we explore the relationship between firm-specific variations in stock returns and firm fundamentals in the context of a simple present value framework. We find that alternative proxies of variation in firm fundamentals—albeit at differing degrees—explain a significant part of firm-specific return variation in a majority of emerging markets in Asia. Findings are robust to the influence of other factors known to affect stock return volatility (e.g. firm size, stock turnover, and leverage). Overall results suggest that stock prices in a majority of the Asian emerging markets contain a significant amount of firm-specific fundamental information and are, therefore, not as murky as commonly thought.     

Information technology and its changing roles to economic growth and productivity in Australia

In this paper we describe our investigation of the role of investment in information technology (IT) on economic output and productivity in Australia over a period of about four decades. The framework used in this paper is the aggregate production function, where IT capital is considered as a separate input of production along with non-IT capital and labour. The empirical results from the study indicate the evidence of robust technical progress in the Australian economy in the 1990s. IT capital had a significant impact on output, labour productivity and technical progress in the 1990s. In recent years, however, the contribution of IT capital on output and labour productivity has slowed down. Regaining the IT capital productivity therefore remains as a key challenge for Australia, especially in the context of greater IT investment in the future.     

Consumer protection in Bangladesh: Law and practice

In the least developed third world countries, the most important consumer right is the right to satisfy basic needs.In this paper, the author describes the legal foundations for consumer protection in Bangladesh, foundations which attach the highest importance to the nutritional state of the people and to measures for protection of consumers from products, processes, and services which are hazardous to their health. Some of the laws are pre-1971, the year of independence of Bangladesh; others have been promulgated in more recent years, though not all of the latter have yet been fully implemented.The author also describes the history of the consumer movement in the country, and in particular the work carried out by the Consumers' Association of Bangladesh. The difficulties that consumer organizations meet in a country such as Bangladesh are multifold. Some of the most formidable problems have to do with the fact that legislation is scattered, that consumers themselves cannot initiate legal action against wrong-doers, and that public officials as well as political leaders are often unapproachable or more interested in caring for the interests of business.

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Verbraucherschutz in Bangladesch: Rechtliche und praktische Situation

Zusammenfassung In den am wenigsten entwickelten Ländern der Dritten Welt ist das wichtigste Verbraucherrecht das Recht auf die Befriedigung der Grundbedürfnisse. Der Autor beschreibt die rechtlichen Grundlagen für Verbraucherschutz in Bangladesch, die der Ernährung der Bevölkerung und Ma\nahmen zum Schutz vor gesundheitsgefährdenden Produkten, Herstellungsverfahren und Dienstleistungen die höchste Bedeutung beimessen. Einige der Gesetze stammen aus der Zeit vor 1971, dem Jahr, in dem Bangladesch die Unabhängigkeit erlangt hat. Andere sind in jüngerer Zeit verkündet worden, wenn auch nicht alle bereits volle Gültigkeit erlangt haben. Der Autor beschreibt darüber hinaus die Geschichte der Verbraucherbewegung in seinem Land und zeichnet insbesondere die Arbeit nach, die von der Verbrauchervereinigung durchgeführt wurde. Die Schwierigkeiten, denen sich Verbraucherorganisationen in einem Land wie Bangladesch gegenübersehen, sind vielfältig. Einige der ernsterzunehmenden Probleme haben es mit der Tatsache zu tun, da\ die Gesetzgebung lückenhaft ist, da\ Konsumenten gegen Fehlverhalten nicht selbst rechtlich vorgehen können und da\ staatliche Stellen und politische Führer oft unerreichbar sind und im übrigen mehr im Interesse der Unternehmen tätig sind.

     

Temporary international migration and the nontraded sector of the labor-importing developing economy

In this paper the author examines the effects of external migration on the nontraded sector of the labor-importing developing economy. It is found that devaluation by the labor-exporting country will reduce the pressure on excess demand for labor and reduce the price of nontraded goods. Increases in the migrant workers’ consumption expenditures, the government expenditures on nontraded goods and the price of traded goods will increase the pressure on excess demand for labor and raise the price of nontraded goods. The effects of an increase in host country nominal wage, however, will remain ambiguous.     

Intraday Return Volatility Process: Evidence from NASDAQ Stocks

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the distributional and time-series properties of intraday returns. The purpose is to determine whether a GARCH model that allows for time varying variance in a process can adequately represent intraday return volatility. Our primary data set consists of 5-minute returns, trading volumes, and bid-ask spreads during the period January 1, 1999 through March 31, 1999, for a subset of thirty stocks from the NASDAQ 100 Index. Our results indicate that the GARCH(1,1) model best describes the volatility of intraday returns. Current volatility can be explained by past volatility that tends to persist over time. These results are consistent with those of Akgiray (1989) who estimates volatility using the various ARCH and GARCH specifications and finds the GARCH(1,1) model performs the best. We add volume as an additional explanatory variable in the GARCH model to examine if volume can capture the GARCH effects. Consistent with results of Najand and Yung (1991) and Foster (1995) and contrary to those of Lamoureux and Lastrapes (1990), our results show that the persistence in volatility remains in intraday return series even after volume is included in the model as an explanatory variable. We then substitute bid-ask spread for volume in the conditional volatility equation to examine if the latter can capture the GARCH effects. The results show that the GARCH effects remain strongly significant for many of the securities after the introduction of bid-ask spread. Consistent with results of Antoniou, Homes and Priestley (1998), intraday returns also exhibit significant asymmetric responses of volatility to flow of information into the market.     

Poverty in the third world: Ugly facts and fancy models

It is argued that the evidence from Asia indicates that despite the rise in average incomes the incidence of rural poverty has shown little tendency to diminish and in many cases the standard of living of some groups and classes, notably the landless, actually has declined. It then is suggested that the reasons for this have less to do with aggregate or sectoral rates of growth than with the interaction between the structure of the economy and four dynamic processes. Finally, the limitations of conventional theories and models are indicated and an alternative framework of analysis is proposed.     

Dynamism and development

In industrialized countries, the human needs and purposes to be served by science and technology are increasingly subject to greater social control. People in developing countries are also preoccupied with controlling choices in the development and application of technology - and the priceless ingredient in controlling their own destiny.The encounter between the more and less dynamic societies makes developing countries the targets of an ‘information bombardment’. Science, technology, values and organization - the ‘active ingredients’ in development - are all forms of information (a resource that is not merely renewable but expandable). The capacity of indigenous people to understand and manipulate the information flow - linking science (‘know what’) and technology (‘know-how’) to human values (‘know why’) and social authority and organization (‘know who’) - is consequently the key to the dynamics of ‘development’.     

Does financial cooperation agreement improve the cointegration among ASEAN+3 money markets?

This paper aims to empirically examine the degree of cointegration among ASEAN+3 money markets in order to determine and adopt remedial actions pursuant to vulnerabilities in the region’s money markets that indicate an inability to prevent possible financial crises. In order to validate vulnerabilities, this paper investigates the degree to which money markets are integrated. Inter-bank lending rates are divided based on agreement periods as well as on income levels of regional economies. The VAR-based Cointegration test and the VECM have been applied in the investigation process. The findings are: (1) weak integration during the pre-agreement period; (2) substantial progress toward the post-agreement period; (3) both high- and low-income markets integrate in a cooperative way; and (4) the agreement produces an impact that is incomplete in so far as integrating the region’s money markets. The finding of this study offers implications for the regional makers.