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41.
A voluntary divestiture may either be a sell-off or a spin-off. In a sell-off, the divesting firm receives cash (or cash equivalents) and gives up ownership and control of the divested asset. In a spin-off, the divested asset becomes an independent entity under a new management but ownership remains with the old stockholders of the original firm. The study investigates the divestiture decision and the choice between sell-offs and spin-offs by constructing a model of the multi-divisional firm. The results show that firms undertake voluntary divestitures because of low marginal return coupled with high joint operating and financial costs. The form of the divestiture is determined by the operating risk of the division being divested. The implications of the model are empirically tested for the period 1969–87 and the results support the postulates of the model. 相似文献
42.
Abstract Past empirical studies leave open the question of whether perceived crowding has a positive or a negative effect on shopping outcomes (Eroglu, Machleit, & Barr, 2005; Hui & Bateson, 1991). Based on the premise that shopping is a social phenomenon involving hedonic as well as utilitarian motivation, this study hypothesizes an inverted U-shaped relationship between perceived crowding and consumers' store patronage intentions. Additionally, past research considers the mediating role of emotions in the relationship between perceived crowding and shopping outcomes. In this research, the authors argue that consumers' cognitive evaluations of the store and its merchandise also mediate the perceived crowding?patronage intention relationship. Survey results of actual shoppers (n?=?201) in a hypermarket in India demonstrate that there exists an optimal level of crowding that maximises consumers' store patronage intentions. The effect of perceived crowding on patronage intention is mediated by the emotional dimension of pleasure and store evaluation. Further, the effect of perceived crowding on emotions and evaluations appears to be moderated by consumers' optimal stimulation level. In particular, the inverted U-shaped relationship of perceived crowding with pleasure and merchandise evaluation is increasingly manifested with increases in optimal stimulation level. The results also reveal that the effect of pleasure on patronage intention is stronger for individuals who score high on hedonic motivation than for individuals who score low on hedonic motivation. The article provides potential research and managerial implications of the findings. 相似文献
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44.
In this paper ridgelike Bayesian estimators of structural coefficients have been used to form the partially restricted reduced form estimators. These partially restricted reduced form estimators are simple in form and possess finite sampling moments and risk in contrast to other restricted reduced form estimators that possess no finite moments and have infinite risk relative to quadratic loss functions. The usual k-class implied partially restricted reduced form estimators with 0≦k≦1 do not posses finite moments unless the degree of overidentification (or the excess of sample size over the number of coefficients) of the structural equation being estimated is suitably restricted. 相似文献
45.
Juan C. Candeal Esteban Induráin Ghanshyam B. Mehta 《Journal of Mathematical Economics》1996,25(4):381-390
We introduce the property of ? -norm-boundedness on totally ordered subsets of Euclidean spaces. We show that when a closed subset X of the Euclidean space n, endowed with a continuous total order ?, is ? -norm-bounded, the order topology and the induced Euclidean topology must coincide on X. This generalizes a recent result by Beardon, proved on connected totally ordered subsets of Euclidean space, because on totally ordered closed subsets of n connectedness is a particular case of ? -norm-boundedness. We also analyze necessary and sufficient conditions for the coincidence of both topologies, and discuss some extension to the infinite-dimensional context. 相似文献
46.
COMPETITION IN PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICTS: CHARTER SCHOOL ENTRY,STUDENT SORTING,AND SCHOOL INPUT DETERMINATION 下载免费PDF全文
Nirav Mehta 《International Economic Review》2017,58(4):1089-1116
This article develops and estimates an equilibrium model of charter school entry, school input choices, and student school choices. The structural model renders a comprehensive and internally consistent picture of treatment effects when there may be general equilibrium effects of school competition. Simulations indicate that the mean effect of charter schools on attendant students is positive and varies widely across locations. The mean spillover effect on public school students is small but positive. Lifting caps on charter schools would more than double entry but reduce gains for attendant students. 相似文献
47.
We examine the impact of labor regulations on firm outcomes and explore their differential effects on exporters. Building on a conceptual framework developed from standard theory and a detailed qualitative study of India's apparel industry, our econometric analysis exploits establishment-level data on formal Indian garment manufacturers between 2009-10 and 2013-14 and interstate variation in labor laws. We find a close fit between the implications of our conceptual framework, the qualitative evidence and the data. Apparel producers in states with pro-worker labor regulations tend to replace labor with capital. This choice of technique effect is smaller for exporting firms, which are more tightly bound to norms for organizing production in global supply chains. Pro-worker labor regulations also reduce output levels more for exporters than for non-exporters, consistent with exporters being bound to international pricing norms. Labor regulations thus have a particularly adverse impact on exporters. Our findings underscore the cost of poorly-designed and implemented labor regulations in a labor-abundant country wishing to spur exports, employment and industrial activity in labor-intensive industries. 相似文献
48.
Water scarcity is usually portrayed in absolute or volumetric terms. But do most analyses of scarcity focus on how the ‘problem’ of scarcity is constructed, the need to disaggregate users and their entitlements and the imperative to look at the politics of distribution and technology choice within a frame of political economy? By taking the case of water scarcity in Kutch, western India which is supposed to benefit from the controversial Sardar Sarovar Narmada Project (SSP), the paper demonstrates how scarcity has emerged as a ‘meta-narrative’ that justifies controversial schemes such as large dams, allows for simplistic portrayals of property rights and resource conflicts and also ignores the cultural and symbolic dimensions of resources such as water. Moreover, water scarcity tends to be naturalised and its anthropogenic dimensions are whitewashed. It is thus necessary to distinguish between the biophysical aspects of scarcity that are lived and experienced differently by different people and its ‘constructed’ aspects. The paper draws on a wide range of conceptual approaches such as political ecology, common property resource theory and post-institutional approaches to highlight that scarcity is not a natural condition. Instead, it is usually socially mediated and the result of socio-political and institutional processes. It also argues that while institutional perspectives have played in a key role in moving away from alarmist portrayals of scarcity and property rights by demonstrating how local people can manage and live with scarcity, they need to be complemented by analyses that locate property rights within wider historical, cultural and socio-political processes that combine both discursive and materialist analyses. 相似文献
49.
Models of Multi-Category Choice Behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. B. Seetharaman Siddhartha Chib Andrew Ainslie Peter Boatwright Tat Chan Sachin Gupta Nitin Mehta Vithala Rao Andrei Strijnev 《Marketing Letters》2005,16(3-4):239-254
Given the advent of basket-level purchasing data of households, choice modelers are actively engaged in the development of
statistical and econometric models of multi-category choice behavior of households. This paper reviews current developments
in this area of research, discussing the modeling methodologies that have been used, the empirical findings that have emerged
so far, and directions for future research. We also motivate the use of Bayesian methods to overcome the computational challenges
involved in estimation. 相似文献
50.
K. Mehta 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2005,5(3-4):217-222
These comments elaborate on the policy implications of theoretical models and compare them with competition law and practice. In regard to EU merger control it is discussed how case law has dealt with the creation of market structures that would maintain collusion. With respect to leniency programmes the deterrence and desistment incentives of actually implemented programmes are compared with theoretical results. Certain areas of research of particular relevance for enforcement are indicated in the conclusions. 相似文献