A short-run Johansen industry model for common-pool resources: planning a fishery's industrial capacity to curb overfishing

Current methods for assessing capacity and its utilisation infisheries operate at the firm-level, but neglect industry capacity.Here, we introduce the Johansen-Färe measure of plant capacityof the firm into a multi-output, frontier-based version of theshort-run Johansen industry model. The model determines firmcapacity utilisation such that current industry outputs aremaintained, while minimising the use of fixed inputs at industrylevel and assuming abundant variable inputs. Policy extensionsrelevant to combating overfishing include tightening quotas,seasonal closures, linking economic and plant capacity, decommissioningschemes and area closures, implementation issues and equityconsiderations. The application to the Danish fisheries revealssubstantial overcapacity in the Danish fleet.     

Illegal Landings: An Aggregate Catch Self-Reporting Mechanism

To solve the problem of illegal landings this article proposes a new tax mechanism based on the regulator's own aggregate catch estimates and ex ante self-reports of planned catch by fishermen. We show that the mechanism avoids illegal landings while ensuring (nearly) optimal exploitation and generating (nearly) correct entry and exit incentives. Finally we simulate the mechanism for the Danish cod fishery in Kattegat to obtain a rough indicator of the size of the tax. It turns out that the average tax payment as a percentage of profit is surprisingly low.     

Financial market stability—A test

This paper proposes a definition for financial market stability and an econometric test. It analyzes the impact of systematic and systemic shocks on developed and emerging market stock indices in normal and extreme market conditions. Financial market stability is defined as a constant impact of systematic shocks in normal and extreme market situations. Empirical results show that the impact of systematic shocks is significantly larger in extreme market conditions than in normal conditions for emerging markets. In contrast, the relationship is stable for developed markets. Hence, only developed markets meet an essential condition for financial market stability.     

Infrastructure and Industrial Development: The Case of Central Java

Industrial development does not take place in all regions at the same speed. This paper seeks explanations for regional differences in the development of manufacturing industry in Central Java. Special attention is paid to the impact of infrastructure (roads, telecommunications, electricity) on industrial development. The spatial distribution of manufacturing industry is analysed by means of both secondary data at the kabupaten level and primary data on 274 firms in various parts of Central Java. In addition to demand side factors, infrastructure does indeed play an important role, but local government bureaucratic procedures for obtaining land and permits are also important.     

The magnitude and determinants of capital flight: The case for six sub-Saharan African countries

Summary Most studies treat capital flight as an exclusively Latin American problem. This paper estimates capital flight for six African countries and shows that the emphasis on Latin American capital flight is not correct. It appears that the burden of capital flight is also important for many African countries. Moreover, this paper tries to find some determinants for the African countries' capital flight. The increase of government and government-guaranteed foreign debt and the overvaluation of the real exchange rate appear to be the most important explanatory factors of capital flight for the African countries in this study.The authors would like to thank Peter van Bergeijk, Richard Brown, Nanne Brunia, Richard Gigengack, Ger Lanjouw, the participants of the Development Economics Seminar, March 1992, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, and an anonymous referee for their useful comments.     

The Relationship Between Leaders’ Group-Oriented Values and Follower Identification with and Endorsement of Leaders: The Moderating Role of Leaders’ Group Membership

In this article, we hypothesize that leaders who display group-oriented values (i.e., values that focus on the welfare of the group rather than on the self-interest of the leader) will be evaluated more positively by their followers than leaders who do not display group-oriented values. Importantly, we expected these effects to be more pronounced for leaders who are ingroup members (i.e., stemming from the same social group as their followers) than for leaders who are outgroup members (i.e., leaders stemming from a different social group than their followers). We tested our hypotheses in two studies. Results of a field study (N = 95) showed the expected relationship between leaders’ group-oriented values and followers’ identification with their leaders. A scenario study (N = 137) replicated the results and extended it to followers’ endorsement of their leaders. Overall, these findings suggest that displaying group-oriented values pays off more for ingroup than for outgroup leaders.     

Corporate Social Responsibility and NGO Directors on Boards

Journal of Business Ethics - In the years 2009 to 2016, approximately 35% of Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 firms had at least one director with a professional background in...