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101.
In this paper we explore how innovation and structural change affected economic development in the long run, by which we mean a period such as the one between the industrial revolution and the present. We separate the period since the industrial revolution into two sub periods, which we call ‘necessities’ and ‘imaginary worlds’ and focus on three trajectories, increasing productive efficiency, increasing output variety, and increasing output quality and differentiation. In the paper we show how a combination of the three trajectories gave rise to the transition between ‘necessities’ and ‘imaginary worlds’ and propose a mechanism of economic development which could have given rise to the type of economic system which we can observe today. To create growing output quality and differentiation higher competencies were required. These higher competencies required higher levels of education and demanded higher wages, which contributed to raise consumers' purchasing power. These phenomena, combined with the income effect of the creation of new sectors, generated the disposable income with which consumers could purchase the new, higher quality, non necessities, goods and services generated by innovation. In the paper we study the impact of several model parameters on the stability of the virtuous circle previously described. 相似文献
102.
Andrea Tomo Gianluigi Mangia Stefano Consiglio Paolo Canonico 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2013,25(9):1118-1136
ABSTRACTThe current paper offers a new conceptual model to understanding innovation processes in professional service firms, to make hidden relationships more explicit and to find out what are the issues still unexplored. The paper employs a systematic literature review, and draws upon original categorizations of extant literature, to identify main processes for each category of PSFs. It unveils connections among a wide range of factors setting a conceptual model for innovation pathways and highlighting neglected questions relevant from both the theoretical and the practical perspectives. 相似文献
103.
The UNESCO World Heritage List is designed to protect the global heritage. We show that, with respect to countries and continents, the existing World Heritage List is highly imbalanced. Major econometric determinants of this imbalance are historical GDP, historical population, area in square kilometers of a country, and number of years of high civilization. Surprisingly, economic and political factors, such as membership on the UN Security Council, which should be unrelated to the value of a country’s heritage and therefore should have no impact, are shown to have a systematic impact on the composition of the World Heritage List. 相似文献
104.
In this paper, we study the relationship between competition and economic growth using a model of economic development through the creation of new sectors. In our model, competition has both an intra- and an inter-sector component. We find that the best conditions for economic development are achieved when a suitable ratio of inter- to intra-sector competition is achieved. This ratio constitutes a compromise between providing a temporary monopoly to the first entrepreneur (low inter-sector competition) and creating enough imitation to expand the sector (intra-sector competition). 相似文献
105.
We study a class of stochastic Overlapping generations (OLG) economies that have one-memory equilibria, that is equilibria
that are determined by the current and past realizations of the states of uncertainty. This class is negligible, but important.
In particular, it contains all the known examples of nonexistence of recursive equilibrium. We show that, within this restricted
domain, the existence of recursive equilibrium is actually typical, and such examples are therefore nonrobust.
We thank Felix Kubler, Herakles Polemarchakis and Steve Spear for many useful discussions. This paper was started while the
first author was visiting Columbia Business School. 相似文献
106.
We consider an economy with asymmetric information and two types of agents, fully informed and uninformed. Uninformed agents update their information observing equilibrium prices and the equilibrium levels of other agents’ excess demand. We show that, for a generic set of economies, there are rational expectations equilibria which are partially revealing on an open, dense set of signals of positive Lebesgue measure, provided that the dimension of the signal space is sufficiently larger than the dimension of the commodity space. 相似文献
107.
Political pressures and the credibility of regulation: can profit sharing mitigate regulatory risk? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
When price-cap rules determine the structure of prices for a long period, they suffer a credibility problem and introduce
an element of risk especially if a firm’s profits are “too large”. Profit sharing may be seen as a device to pre-determine
price adjustments and thus to decrease regulatory risk. We analyse the effects of profit sharing on the incentives to invest,
using a real option approach. Absent credibility issues, a well designed profit sharing system may be neutral relative to
a pure price cap. With regulatory risk, profit sharing is preferable to a pure price-cap one, if it intervenes for high enough
profit levels.
相似文献
Carlo Scarpa (Corresponding author)Email: |
108.
The paper analyzes cases of de-hubbing in air transport between 1997 and 2009. It initially addresses the conditions to be met for airports to be identified as de-hubbing cases. Second, it examines what happens after de-hubbing by clustering the cases into homogenous groups that show that, on average, airports that experienced de-hubbing did not recover their original traffic within five years and that de-hubbing is likely to be irreversible. When hub carriers were replaced at least partially by low-cost carriers, airports on average recovered faster. De-hubbing adversely affects the number of destinations served less severely than the seats offered by carriers. 相似文献
109.
Annalina Sarra Lara Fontanella Fausto D’Egidio Paolo Frattone 《Quality and Quantity》2014,48(6):3025-3036
Drug abuse results from a series of different factors, such as social and family issues. Subjects more vulnerable to develop an addiction are, for instance, people living in high-stress environments who may resort to addiction in order to cope with their circumstances, such as demanding jobs, family crisis or other situations or people living in low-income households where violence occurs, who may be triggered into addiction as a way to escape negative emotions or ignore any underlying problems or issues. Psychometric research in the field of drug dependence has focused on identifying certain personality characteristics. It is now generally agreed that personality may influence, precipitate or perpetuate substance abuse. The aim of this paper is to perform a dimensional assessment of personality in a sample of drug addicts. To better understand the complexity of addictive behaviours of substance-using individuals, the Cloninger’s temperament and character inventory test is employed while the item response data analysis is performed by mixed-effects Rasch models. These models combine the advantages both of Rasch measurement framework for latent variables and of models with hierarchical data. To evaluate the differences in dimensions of temperament and character inventory test in subjects with drug addiction, we fit and compare a sequence of mixed-effects Rasch models. Results from models fitting are compared and discussed for a data set of 84 participants. 相似文献
110.
Paolo Mura 《旅游与文化变迁杂志》2013,11(1-2):30-49
This paper explores young tourists' perceptions of fear on holiday. The work on which this paper is based is important because it sheds light on tourists' emotional experiences on holiday, which are central to increase our understanding of tourist behaviour. The importance of investigating perceptions of fear has been recognized within a number of different disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, criminology, and marketing. Indeed, it has been argued that fear may provide significant information concerning an individual's motivations, preferences, and patterns of behaviour. Despite this, perceptions of fear within the tourism experience have remained relatively unexplored. It is often assumed that perceptions of safety and security may influence individuals' destination choice. However, there is a paucity of studies concerning tourists' perceptions of fear during the tourism experience. This paper is based on three months of qualitative fieldwork conducted on the island of Ios, Greece in the summer of 2007. More specifically, participant observation and semi-structured interviews were methods employed for data collection to explore young tourists' perceptions of fear. The possibility to develop a rapport and build a relationship with young tourists on Ios was crucial to collect valuable information concerning tourists' background, their emotions, expectations, perceptions, and the context in which perceptions of fear were experienced and expressed. The study found that most holidaymakers on Ios participated in activities perceived as risky in order to experience fear. In this respect, young tourists deliberately sought fear and thrill to increase their levels of pleasure and enjoyment during the tourism experience. The results suggest that fear may play a positive role in the tourism experience of young tourists, which should no longer be ignored by tourism scholars. 相似文献