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991.
Literature on ethical behavior has paid little attention to the mechanism between macro- environmental variables and environmental
performance. This study aims at constructing a model to examine the␣relationships which link cultural values, population growth,
economic development, and environmental performance by incorporating the mediating role of education. The multiple linear
regression model was employed to test the hypotheses on a 3-year-pooled sample of 51 countries. Empirical results conclude
that national culture, economic development, and population growth would significantly influence environmental performance
directly. In addition, through the mediating effect of education, population growth and national culture would significantly
affect environmental performance indirectly. These findings provide theoretical and managerial implications for constructing
the mechanism of cultural values and ethical behavior in general and environmental management in particular. 相似文献
992.
993.
Valuation of Discount Options in Software License Agreements 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Daniel Gull 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2011,3(4):221-230
Many companies increasingly rely on licensed standard software for system software and applications. In addition to the regulation
of usage conditions, software licensing agreements increasingly include services, such as software upgrades and user training,
as a part of the contract or these are optional for a fee, which can be made use of by the licensee during the term of the
contract at a reduced price or as a free service. This benefit entitlement is called a discount option and must be valued
during the selection and designing of a contract. This paper describes the basic valuation issues as well as some weaknesses
of previous approaches, and subsequently presents a model which, on the basis of the real option theory, enables an assessment
of the discount options using mathematical methods. As the value of discount options can in many cases only be estimated by
using analytical methods under certain conditions, a practical solution method is explained on the basis of numeric backwards
induction. The procedure for applying the model and the achieved advances in knowledge are illustrated with an example. 相似文献
994.
Karolin Herrmann 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2011,91(2):121-126
Der Apothekenmarkt wird in Deutschland in vieler Hinsicht reglementiert. Ein Gro?teil der verkauften Produkte unterliegt einer
Preisbindung und der Marktzugang ist stark beschr?nkt. Die Autorin pl?diert für eine Liberalisierung des Marktes und macht
konkrete Reformvorschl?ge. 相似文献
995.
Arbeitsschutz als Führungsaufgabe - Eine kurze Unachtsamkeit oder unglückliche Verkettung von Ereignissen und schon ist es
passiert: Die Kanüle trifft das Pflegepersonal. Aber: Nadelstichverletzungen lassen sich durch die Verwendung sicherer Produkte
und Injektionstechniken reduzieren. Dabei ist die Verbesserung des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes des medizinischen und
pflegerischen Personals eine wichtige Aufgabe der Führungskr?fte. 相似文献
996.
George A. Waters 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2011,35(4):371-381
Within a New Keynesian framework, interest rate rules that respond to public expectations lead to determinate and expectationally
stable solutions for any level of commitment, as shown by Waters (Macroecon Dyn 13(4):421–449, 2009). That paper also demonstrates gains to commitment, under least square learning, though over-commitment can lead to some
very poor outcomes for some parameter values. This paper shows an identical outcome under rational expectations. The optimal
level of commitment is unchanged if there are observation errors in the policymaker’s knowledge of public expectations, which
is not the case under learning. However, if there is sufficient policymaker uncertainty about the parameter values, partial
commitment is best. 相似文献
997.
Lori Latrice Martin 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2011,38(2):131-143
Every year, millions of people exit American jails and prisons and attempt to reintegrate into society. Ex-offenders face
many obstacles during the transition. Scholars contend that securing employment is central to a successful transition. A job
that allows an ex-offender to earn an income above the poverty line is especially significant, recent studies have shown.
Consequently, many prisoner reentry initiatives are focused on expanding employment opportunities for ex-offenders. However,
the almost exclusive emphasis on employment as the measurement of economic well-being is short-sighted because it ignores
the importance of financial education and asset ownership. Prisoner reentry programs should include an emphasis on financial
education in addition to an emphasis on employment as a means of reducing recidivism rates and improving the economic well-being
of the ex-offenders and receiving communities. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implications. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
Sebastian Just 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2011,39(2):194-220
This paper explores the economic implications of different contract durations in markets for on-line (primary and secondary)
reserve capacity in Germany with the crucial feature of separate markets for spot energy and reserve capacity provision. The
analysis is based on an equilibrium model developed by Just and Weber (Energy Econo 30:3198–3221, 2008) for reserve markets. It reveals the implicit trade-off for the bidders and implicit interdependencies between the reserve
and the spot markets. Even if the markets are not explicitly coordinated, they are interrelated through the dispatch decisions
of the power plant owners. The paper concludes that the current German reserve market design is inefficient and should be
improved. The results clearly show that shorter periods (with resulting lower variations in overall electricity demand) lead
to more efficient dispatch and market results. Not only prices in the reserve capacity markets are expected to be lower, but
also spot market prices. As these benefits can be partially reaped by owners of large generation portfolios also under longer
contract durations, it discriminates against smaller generation companies and can potentially deter market participation.
Further, the paper takes a broader perspective and discusses security concerns against shorter contract durations. It is shown
that the opportunity costs character of the reserve market implies sufficient incentives for supplying online reserve capacity.
The concerns do not appear to be predominant and it should be possible to manage them appropriately. 相似文献