Brand extensions via complements or substitutes: The moderating role of manufacturing transferability

This research investigates how consumer evaluations of brand extensions that either complement or substitute the original parent brand vary depending on the level of manufacturing transferability (i.e., the extent to which the parent brand??s existing resources and skills can be used to make the extension). We propose that a complement extension is processed by consumers at a higher, more abstract level whereas a substitute extension is processed at a lower, more concrete level. Since manufacturing transferability activates concrete cognitions of the production process, an increase in manufacturing transferability tends to result in more favorable evaluations toward substitute extensions than complement extensions. Empirical tests using a multi-method approach reveal support both for the underlying theoretical mechanism and the proposed hypotheses.     

Overall justice,work group identification and work outcomes: Test of moderated mediation process

This study examined an integrated model of the antecedents and outcomes of organisational and overall justice using a sample of Indian Call Centre employees (n = 458). Results of structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that the four organisational justice dimensions relate to overall justice. Further, work group identification mediated the influence of overall justice on counterproductive work behaviors, such as presenteeism and social loafing, while conscientiousness was a significant moderator between work group identification and presenteeism and social loafing. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Assessing the recent Asian economic crises: the role of virtuous and vicious cycles

This is an analysis of the causes of the late 1997 economic crises in the (until then) strong Asian economies. This paper shows that, although the two proximate causes of this crises seem to be stronger inter-national competition and poorly developed domestic financial systems in Asia, the underlying causes were related more to the virtuous economic and financial cycles in Asia that turned into vicious cycles in 1997. The key determinant of Asian recovery is the reduction in the importance of these positive feedback cycles by reforming Asian domestic financial systems so they are no longer characterized by low disclosure levels, high debt ratios, and high political influence in credit decisions.     

Contemporary issues in empirical public finance

This paper provides a brief overview to how the use of game theory and its derivative theories of information and incentives in public finance have expanded economists' methodological toolkit for predicting how procedural aspects influence strategies of participants as well as their overall performance. Moreover given that evaluation of public policy options, where policy failures can and do occur due to either inadequate incentive structure or the presence of constitutional and behavioural constraints, the objective of the essays in this symposium is to indicate the richness and diversity of empirical approaches that have been used to shed quantitative light on applied public finance issues. First version received: May 1999/final version received: June 1999     

Transactions data tests of efficiency: An investigation in the Singapore futures markets

The aim of this article is to test the profitability of technical trading rules in the intra‐day currency futures market. A wide range of technical strategies are applied to tick data over a two‐year period for two currency futures—Japanese Yen (JY) and Deutschemark (DM)—traded in the Singapore International Monetary Exchange. The study finds that after incorporating transactions costs and testing for the significance of the profits using a bootstrap methodology, none of the technical trading systems produce significant returns. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 20:687–704, 2000     

Foreign exchange exposure of “domestic” corporations

Unlike prior studies on foreign exchange risk that have focused on multinational companies, this paper documents that domestic companies face significant foreign exchange exposure. Indeed, we document that on average domestic company foreign exchange exposure is not significantly different from the exposures faced by multinational firms. As expected, the number of domestic firms with significant foreign exchange exposure increases with the exposure estimation horizon. More interestingly, the level of domestic firm exposure is significantly negatively related to firm size and asset turnover, and positively related to the market to book ratio and financial leverage. Our results have important implications for managers, policy makers, and accounting standards.     

Markets and institutions in financial intermediation: National characteristics as determinants

Given the importance of financial intermediation and the rise of globalization, there is little prior research on how national preferences for financial intermediation (markets versus institutions) are determined by cultural, legal, and other national characteristics. Using panel analysis for data on a recent 8-year period for 30 countries, this paper documents that national preferences for market financing increase with political stability, societal openness, economic inequality, and equity market concentration, and decreases with regulatory quality and ambiguity aversion. We confirm with robustness tests that our result for regulatory quality is independent of differences in national wealth and that our result for political stability is independent of both wealth and political legitimacy. These results should be of much interest to managers, scholars, regulators, and policy makers.     

The Forward Exchange Rate Bias Puzzle Is Persistent: Evidence from Stochastic and Nonparametric Cointegration Tests

An important puzzle in international finance is the failure of the forward exchange rate to be a rational forecast of the future spot rate. We document that even after accounting for nonstationarity, nonnormality, and heteroskedasticity using parametric and nonparametric tests on data for over a quarter century, U.S. dollar forward rates for the major currencies (the British pound, Japanese yen, Swiss franc, and the German mark) are generally not rational forecasts of future spot rates. These findings deepen the forward exchange rate bias puzzle, especially as these markets are the most liquid foreign exchange markets with very low trading costs.     

Institutional hypothesis of the long-run income velocity of money and parameter stability of the equilibrium relationship

It has recently been argued that when the conventional specification of M2 income velocity is extended to include proxies for two types of institutional change, as emphasized by Bordo and Jonung (1987, 1990), corresponding to the processes of monetization and increasing financial sophistication of financial developments, this extended model is stable in the sense that one can reject the null hypothesis of no cointegration against the alternative of a single cointegrating vector. There may be implications that such an equilibrium relation is a structural income velocity of money function. The evidence based on century-long data from 1880 to 1986 presented in this paper about parameter instability of the cointegrating vector of velocity with its determinants for Canada, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom casts doubt on this interpretation. The evidence is based on using formal stability tests. Moreover, it has an ‘eyeball’ support from the sequential estimates of various parameters of the cointegrating relationship including income and interest semi-elasticities.