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31.
Since World War II, the modernization model has been the mainstream paradigm for economic development. Modernization assumes that foreign capital is a necessary catalyst for transforming societies from traditional to modem. Challenges to the modernization paradigm culminated in dependency theory. Dependency theorists point to detrimental effects of foreign capital and domination (e.g., income inequality, authoritarianism, and inappropriate consumption). Despite the charge by many scholars that this debate has subsided, basic but important questions remain to be answered. This paper assesses the role of U.S. direct investment (USDI) on the major economies of Latin America over time (1950–1998). Using Vector Autoregression, we look at the long‐term political relationships between USDI, economic development, and the degree of authoritarianism in the host country's government. We treat these variables as endogenous as both dependency and modernization hypothesize relationships among them. We find that there are only weak long‐term relationships between polity, development, and USDI. These results fully support neither the modernization nor the dependency model. 相似文献
32.
Karl G. Høyer 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2013,21(2):147-160
This paper presents a critical discussion of the internationally prevailing understanding of the concept 'sustainable tourism'. It is argued that the current focus on stationary activities and local, intensive environmental issues is too limited both in relation to the concept of tourism and the concept of sustainable development. There is no tourism without travel. And, as shown in a Norwegian research study, tourist travel is a major source of serious environmental problems. The paper emphasises that sustainable tourism should be linked to a concept of sustainable mobility. However, this mobility would imply not only a change in the means of transport but also a reduced level of mobility in the rich part of the world. As this would entail new forms of tourism, other than those solely based on auto- and aeromobility, it represents a major challenge for the future development of tourism. 相似文献
33.
34.
Karl Widerquist 《Journal of economic issues》2013,47(4):1054-1056
35.
Sabine U. O'Hara 《Review of social economy》2013,71(1):23-43
Traditional models of economic development such as economic base and urban revitalization models have been found wanting. Both models rely on expert-based assessments of local development needs. More recent approaches call for a stronger focus on local development needs and resident skills as the basis for designing development strategies. One such neighborhood-based approach to development is presented in this paper. Its initial step was a survey of 444 households representing 1398 residents conducted in the Hamilton Hill and Vale neighborhoods of Schenectady, New York a 'downsized' community of about 65,000 residents in the Capital District of New York State. Survey results show a strong need for recreation, childcare, a grocery store, care for the elderly and home repairs. Residents' self-assessed job skills and interests appear to be well suited to meet these needs. Yet despite these promising results, barriers to neighborhood-based development persist. These barriers reiterate the long history of isolation prevalent in US inner city neighborhoods. Two issues are particularly characteristic of the barriers that continue to keep urban neighborhoods isolated from their larger context. They are: (1) a lack of effective communication between local residents and decision makers; and (2) a lack of valuation systems that properly assess the value of social and environmental context and their contributions to local development. 相似文献
36.
Sabine M. Kempa 《Heilberufe》2010,62(6):54-55
Epilepsie-Fachkräfte machen den Alltag lebbar - Zugegeben: man stirbt nicht daran und mit der richtigen Medikation ist die Erkrankung meist in den Griff zu bekommen. Doch die Auswirkungen von Epilepsien auf den Alltag der Patienten sind erheblich. Spezialisierte Pflegekräfte helfen, Ängste und vermeidbare Einschränkungen abzubauen. 相似文献
37.
Giuseppe Criaco Philipp Sieger Karl Wennberg Francesco Chirico Tommaso Minola 《Small Business Economics》2017,49(4):841-864
We investigate how perceived parents’ performance in entrepreneurship (PPE) affects the entrepreneurial career intentions of offspring. We argue that while perceived PPE enhances offspring’s perceived entrepreneurial desirability and feasibility because of exposure mechanisms, it inhibits the translation of both desirability and feasibility perceptions into entrepreneurial career intentions due to upward social comparison mechanisms. Thus, perceived PPE acts as a double-edged sword for the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship. Our predictions are tested and confirmed on a sample of 21,895 individuals from 33 countries. This study advances the literature on intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship by providing a foundation for understanding the social psychological conditions necessary for such transmission to occur. 相似文献
38.
Sabine M. Kempa 《Heilberufe》2010,62(5):59-60
Pflegeexpertin für Brusterkrankungen/Breast Care Nurse - Die Diagnose Brustkrebs ist für Frauen nach wie vor ein Schock. Die
Krankheit zu bew?ltigen und Perspektiven für den Alltag zu entwickeln, dabei unterstützt die „Brustschwester“ Patientinnen
und ihre Angeh?rigen. Was sie braucht, ist neben einer pflegerischen Spezialisierung in besonderem Ma?e psychosoziale Kompetenz
und wirksame Strategien zur Selbstpflege. 相似文献
39.
Sabine Ridder 《Heilberufe》2010,62(1):14-16
Verkehrsunfall, pl?tzliche Krankheit oder Tod - Die meisten Menschen geraten unvorbereitet in eine Krise. Um die k?rperlich
verletzten Menschen kümmern sich Rettungsdienst, ?rzte und Pflegende. Doch was wird aus den indirekt betroffenen seelisch
verletzten Menschen? Für sie gibt es das Kriseninterventionsteam. 相似文献
40.
Chao LW Szrek H Peltzer K Ramlagan S Fleming P Leite R Magerman J Ngwenya GB Pereira NS Behrman J 《Journal of development economics》2012,98(1):94-107
Finding an efficient method for sampling micro- and small-enterprises (MSEs) for research and statistical reporting purposes is a challenge in developing countries, where registries of MSEs are often nonexistent or outdated. This lack of a sampling frame creates an obstacle in finding a representative sample of MSEs. This study uses computer simulations to draw samples from a census of businesses and non-businesses in the Tshwane Municipality of South Africa, using three different sampling methods: the traditional probability sampling method, the compact segment sampling method, and the World Health Organization's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) sampling method. Three mechanisms by which the methods could differ are tested, the proximity selection of respondents, the at-home selection of respondents, and the use of inaccurate probability weights. The results highlight the importance of revisits and accurate probability weights, but the lesser effect of proximity selection on the samples' statistical properties. 相似文献