Accelerated depreciation matters after all a note on the effects of the existence and the utilization of accelerated depreciation on Feldstein's extra tax on fictitious profits

Zusammenfassung Feldstein lenkt die Aufmerksamkeit von Politik und Ökonomie auf die Erhöhung der Steuerbelastung für die Unternehmungen, die bei Inflation durch die Abschreibung zu historischen Kosten (bei gleichem Steuertarif) entsteht. Er errechnet eine Formel für die Extrasteuer je Prozentpunkt Inflation, in der ein bestimmter effektiver Steuersatz eine Rolle (als Konstante) spielt. Dieser soll die Wirkung der weltweit üblichen Systeme der Investitionsbegünstigung (z. B. vorzeitige Abschreibung) berücksichtigen. Eine weitere Betrachtung dieser Systeme scheint dann nicht nötig, weil sie schon vor der Inflation geschaffen wurden. Tatsächlich hängt aber die Höhe des sogenannten effektiven Steuersatzes selbst von der Inflation ab. Der Wert der vorzeitigen Abschreibung steigt in der Inflation und wirkt der Steuererhöhung entgegen. Im Extremfall einer sofortigen vollen Abschreibung wird die Extrasteuer Null.Die stärkere Vorteilhaftigkeit der vorzeitigen Abschreibung in der Inflation (verglichen mit der Normalabschreibung zu historischen Kosten) läßt eine stärkere Ausnutzung der vorzeitigen Abschreibung im inflationären Fall erwarten. Gründe gegen die volle Ausnutzung dieser Begünstigung (fehlende Gewinne, Informationskosten) bei stabiler und inflationärer Preisentwicklung werden diskutiert.     

Critical Notes on German Development Strategy

The United Nations’ first development decade has not come up to expectations in Its results: neither did developing countries succeed in achieving a minimum growth rate of 5 p.c. of their GNP, nor did lndustriailsed nations use for aid the equivalent of I p.c. of their GNP. U Thant called this decade a decade of frustration.     

Consistency of elementwise-weighted total least squares estimator in a multivariate errors-in-variables model <Emphasis Type="Bold">AX=B</Emphasis>

A multivariate measurement error model AXB is considered. The errors in [A,B] are rowwise independent, but within each row the errors may be correlated. Some of the columns are observed without errors, and in addition the error covariance matrices may differ from row to row. The total covariance structure of the errors is supposed to be known up to a scalar factor. The fully weighted total least squares estimator of X is studied, which in the case of normal errors coincides with the maximum likelihood estimator. We give mild conditions for weak and strong consistency of the estimator, when the number of rows in A increases. The results generalize the conditions of Gallo given for a univariate homoscedastic model (where B is a vector), and extend the conditions of Gleser given for the multivariate homoscedastic model. We derive the objective function for the estimator and propose an iteratively reweighted numerical procedure.Acknowledgements.A. Kukush is supported by a postdoctoral research fellowship of the Belgian office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, promoting Scientific and Technical Collaboration with Central and Eastern Europe. S. Van Huffel is a full professor with the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. This paper presents research results of the Belgian Programme on Interuniversity Poles of Attraction (IUAP Phase V-22), initiated by the Belgian State, Prime Ministers Office-Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, of the Concerted Research Action (GOA) projects of the Flemish Government MEFISTO-666 (Mathematical Engineering for Information and Communication Systems Technology), of the IDO/99/03 project (K.U. Leuven) Predictive computer models for medical classification problems using patient data and expert knowledge, of the FWO projects G.0200.00, G.0078.01 and G.0270.02. The scientific responsibility is assumed by its authors. The authors would like to thank Maria Luisa Rastello and Amedeo Premoli for bringing the EW-TLS problem to their attention. The authors are grateful to two anonymous referees for the valuable comments.     

book reviews

Book reviews in this article: EXPLORING PARTICIPATION Paul Bate and lain Mangham WORKERS' PARTICIPATION IN DECISIONS WITHIN UNDERTAKINGS International Labour Office WORK PATTERNS Derek L. Bosworth and Peter J. Dawkins POWER AND POLITICS IN ORGANIZATIONS Samuel B. Bacharach and Edward J. Lawler DEMAIN, QUELS SYNDICATS? H. Landier CFDT LE RÉVE ET LA VIE J. C. Poulain     

A divisia version of the country-product-dummy method

A Divisia version of the country-product-dummy method of Kravis et al. is obtained and extended to include income as an explanatory variable. Income elasticities of relative prices for eight goods across 15 countries are obtained and compared with the income elasticities of the demand for these goods.     

Industrial relations law commentary

The commentary, a new feature of the IRJ, aims to keep readers informed of major developments in the law affecting industrial relations. To set the scene for forthcoming issues, Karl Mackie examines the nature of the legal role in the British industrial relations system.     

International Evidence on Cash Holdings and Expected Managerial Agency Problems

This article uses managerial control rights data for over 5000firms from 31 countries to examine the net costs and benefitsof cash holdings. We find that when external country-level shareholderprotection is weak, firm values are lower when controlling managershold more cash. Further, when external shareholder protectionis weak we find that firm values are higher when controllingmanagers pay dividends. Only when external shareholder protectionis strong do we find that cash held by controlling managersis unrelated to firm value, consistent with generally prevailingU.S. and international evidence.