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991.
992.
As a result of the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), Chile conquered Peruvian and Bolivian territories rich in nitrates and
guano. We conduct econometric tests for structural breaks in the time series of the government bonds for Chile and Peru between
1876 and 1890 in order to examine the effects of the changes in resource endowments on the investors’ perceptions of the risk
premia of Chilean and Peruvian securities. Our results reveal that investors were extremely pessimistic about the prospects
of Chilean, and especially Peruvian debt prior to the war. Early Chilean victories that anticipated the transfer of the richly
endowed provinces to Chile caused significant increases in the price of Chilean securities. But such was the low regard with
which investors viewed the Peruvian government that the fall of Lima caused an increase in the price of Peruvian bonds on
the hope that Chile would assume some of the responsibility for them. Endowments, reputations, and the countries’ financial
conditions figure prominently as the driving forces behind the investors’ behavior. 相似文献
993.
Martin Hingley 《Journal of Business Market Management》2010,4(3):111-128
This paper investigates network development in food retailing, in order to evaluate the role of retailer consumer co-operatives.
Opportunity is seen to lie in niche (for example, local) markets and a social/ethical orientation. The method is single case
and exploratory. Investigation shows that a co-operative can survive and add value as an alternative organizational form,
when genuine social responsibility is experienced by a network consisting of the co-operative, its members, customers, suppliers
and the community as a whole. 相似文献
994.
Michael A. Ellis 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2009,37(3):319-320
995.
Christine Piette Durrance 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2009,37(4):409-423
Many states have implemented some form of Any-Willing-Provider (AWP) legislation, which requires a managed care organization
(MCO) to accept any provider, who agrees to the managed care organization’s reimbursement rates, terms, and conditions, into
its network. AWP laws may result in larger networks, more patient choice, and greater competition among providers. Opponents
cite AWP legislation as prohibiting managed care organizations from selective contracting and obtaining discounts by offering
providers a larger volume of patients. Such legislation is therefore argued to prevent MCOs from effectively reducing health
care costs. A small literature exists on the effect of these laws on hospital expenditures, physician expenditures, and total
health care expenditures. Most studies, however, fail to recognize that the vast majority of the existing laws target pharmacies
exclusively, as opposed to more comprehensive laws that also apply to physicians and hospitals. If AWP legislation prevents
cost reduction available through selective contracting, then states with such legislation may incur higher health care expenditures.
I find that pharmacy-specific AWP legislation is associated with increased pharmaceutical expenditures. This result is robust
to several alternative specifications. 相似文献
996.
Der Matchpoint entscheidet über Sieg oder Niederlage. Match Point Management zeigt, wie man Krisen meistert, indem man gleichzeitig
Gewinn und Kosten verbessert — ohne in die Falle eines zyklischen Auf und Ab zu tappen. 相似文献
997.
Competitive business strategies are often formulated with little regard given to the articulation format. This paper examines the strategy formulation process from a systems perspective and argues that articulation of a competitive strategy, such that sustained competitive advantage is created, requires consistency along the entire business chain. Internal consistency within the business chain is built through inter‐linkages. The inter‐linkages are made through four inter‐connective elements: human resources, technological resources, information resources and financial resources. It is argued in this paper that the human factor is of major importance since it integrates the other inter‐connective elements and therefore represents a key factor in the process of articulation and implementation. In view of the critical role of the human element in articulation of business strategy for competitive advantage, the paper develops a human‐factor related contingency framework. The developed contingency framework examines Porter's (1980, 1985) generic strategies with respect to congruent requisites necessary for building competitive advantage. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
Jesse Russell 《Empirical Economics》2011,40(2):425-449
There have been a number of empirical attempts to account for variation in exchange rate regime choice, but these attempts
point in several directions and are not made sense of easily. One reason for the differences among studies is that standard
statistical techniques are unable to identify the nonlinear and contingent relationships among the factors that influence
the choice of exchange rate regime. This article utilizes a statistical technique that reveals complex nonlinear interactions
among variables. The analysis reveals that the influence of past inflation acts to condition the influence of labor market
rigidity and that political stability plays a key role for both high and low inflation countries. 相似文献