From four hundred million to more than one billion consumers: a brief history of the foreign advertising industry in China

As an industry and a form of mass communication, modern advertising was introduced in China from the West at the turn of the century. The 1920s and 1930s witnessed China's first major exposure to foreign advertising and consumer culture. The 1990s may prove to be China's second encounter with global consumer culture through the medium of advertising; only this time, its experience is more massive and far-reaching. This article provides a capsule history of the development of the foreign advertising industry in China within the context of Chinese economy and media.     

Repaying the Debt: An Examination of the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior by Low Performers

Journal of Business Ethics - Drawing on social exchange theory, we examine the conditions under which employees’ good intentions motivate them to engage in unethical pro-organizational...     

我国吸引跨国公司设立地区总部的区位优势分析

跨国公司地区总部承担着制定区域性经营战略和协调区域内众多子公司生产、销售、物流、研究与开发、资金统筹、人力资源培养等经营活动的职能。它的区位发展提升了东道国及所在区域的竞争力。近年来跨国公司在华设立地区总部数量一直不断上升,我国在吸引方面有哪些区位优势呢,这是本文研究的重点。     

单壳船退市，是蛋糕还是泡沫——2007年一季油轮建造市场

一季度油轮建造市场回顾 一季度全球油轮建造市场共成交146艘油轮，1237．5万载重吨，成交量虽然比去年同期有所下降。但仍然保持较高水平。毕竟去年一季度油轮建造市场的井喷是历史罕见的现象，当时由于受到“共同规范”的影响，油轮成交创出历史天量，单是去年三月份单月市场就成交了1500万载重吨。[第一段]     

我国企业的融资方式——国际租赁

当代企业融资已不断发展及创新了多种方式，不再单单只限于银行信贷、证券、基金等方式。诸如国际项目融资、存托凭证、欧洲票据、可转换债券等新型融资方式在国际融资方面也占据了重要的位置。而作为国际间接融资方式之一的国际租赁业务，更是将“融资”与“融物”有效地合为一体，相对于其他融资方式又有着不可比拟的优势，也正因此，国际租赁是从诞生以来便在世界范围内以较高的速度向前发展，并深受投资行业欢迎的一个方兴未艾的独立产业。本文旨在阐述我国企业在利用国际租赁融资方式时的可行性。     

中国鞋类产品出口受阻的原因及对策

长期以来,“薄利多销”的低价策略成为我国鞋类企业扩大出口创汇、走向国际市场的一大法宝,但从近期我国鞋类出口面临一系列的贸易摩擦来看,低价策略并非当今出口企业的最佳选择,若不及时调整这种策略,可能会严重制约企业的发展。本文分析了鞋类企业低价竞销产生的原因及其危害性,并就如何解决这一问题进行了初步的探讨。     

Customers’ Risk Factor Disclosures and Suppliers’ Investment Efficiency

This study examines the effect of downstream firms’ (i.e., customers’) risk factor disclosures contained in annual reports on the investment efficiency of upstream firms (i.e., suppliers). We find that more informative disclosures of customers’ risk factors are associated with less under‐ or overinvestment by suppliers. In addition, this inverse association is stronger when the suppliers are at a bargaining disadvantage, when they operate in the durable goods industries, and when they are more concerned about the volatility of future demand. Overall, our results suggest that risk factor disclosures provided by firms in their annual reports contain useful information that could potentially help their suppliers achieve better investment efficiency. Divulgation d'information sur les facteurs de risque des clients et efficience de l'investissement des fournisseurs     

Maintaining a Reputation for Consistently Beating Earnings Expectations and the Slippery Slope to Earnings Manipulation

This paper investigates whether maintaining a reputation for consistently beating analysts' earnings expectations can motivate executives to move from “within GAAP” earnings management to “outside of GAAP” earnings manipulation. We analyze firms subject to SEC enforcement actions and find that these firms consistently beat analysts' quarterly earnings forecasts in the three years prior to the manipulation period and continue to do so by smaller “beats” during the manipulation period. We find that manipulating firms beat expectations around 86 percent of the time in the 12 quarters prior to the manipulation period (versus 75 percent for control firms) and that manipulation often ends with a miss in expectations. We document that executives of manipulating firms face strong stock market and CEO pressure to perform. Prior to the manipulation period, these firms have high analyst optimism, growing institutional interest, and high market valuations, along with powerful CEOs. Further, we find that maintaining a reputation for beating expectations is more important than CEO overconfidence and is incremental to CEO equity incentives for explaining manipulation. Our results suggest that pressure to maintain a reputation for beating analysts' expectations can encourage aggressive accounting and, ultimately, earnings manipulation.     

Relative Effects of IFRS Adoption and IFRS Convergence on Financial Statement Comparability

One of the primary objectives of both adoption of IFRS and convergence between IFRS and U.S. GAAP is to increase financial statement comparability. Using a unique setting in Germany, we compare the effectiveness of these two approaches in achieving this desired outcome. Our empirical tests show that both adoption and convergence lead to an increase in comparability after the new enforcement regulation in 2005. However, difference‐in‐differences tests show that adoption does not lead to a significant incremental increase in comparability beyond convergence. The findings of this study should be of interest to regulators and standard setters as they assess alternative methods of aligning domestic standards with IFRS.