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91.
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 requires audit committees of public companies’ boards of directors to install an anonymous
reporting channel to assist in deterring and detecting accounting fraud and control weaknesses. While it is generally accepted
that the availability of such a reporting channel may reduce the reporting cost of the observer of a questionable act, there
is concern that the addition of such a channel may decrease the overall effectiveness compared to a system employing only
non-anonymous reporting options. The rationale underlying this concern involves the would-be reporter’s likelihood of reporting,
the seriousness with which the organization treats an anonymous report, and the organization’s ability to thoroughly follow-up
the report. Thus, we explore the extent to which the availability of an anonymous reporting channel influences intended use
of non-anonymous reporting channels. Further, in response to Sarbanes–Oxley and the environment of financial scandals that
led to its passage, many firms are strengthening their internal audit departments, and providing them with greater independence
from upper management’s direct control. Accordingly, our examination tests whether the intended use of the internal audit
department as an internal reporting channel is greater when the internal audit department is of “high” versus “low” quality.
Finally, the study investigates intended reporting behavior across three different cases (e.g., settings).
Results show that the existence of an anonymous channel does reduce the likelihood of reporting to non-anonymous channels,
that generally the internal audit department quality does not affect reporting to non-anonymous channels, and that case-setting
affects the type of channel to be used. Implications from the study are discussed. 相似文献
92.
We investigate the relationship between firm strategy and the use of performance measures in executive compensation. Our analysis shows that there is an increased emphasis on sales in the determination of executive compensation for firms pursuing a cost leadership strategy, which seek to achieve their competitive advantage through low price and high volume. In contrast, there is a decreased emphasis on accounting measures in firms pursuing a differentiation strategy, which require investments in brand recognition and innovative products, investments that are subject to unfavorable accounting treatment. These results indicate that compensation committees link executive rewards to firm strategy. 相似文献
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This article studies whether 529 plans are an effective way for most people to save for college. The 529 plans were created in 1996 to help low- and middle-income American families save for college. Since this time they have adopted more tax advantages and grown substantially as a result. While total balances in 529 plans now exceed $250 billion, less than 3.0 percent of households have a 529 plan. And the majority of 529 plan accounts are held by the wealthiest households. Low- and middle-income households receive little tax savings from investing in 529 plans, and some states count these plans against financial aid. Also, 529 plans are complicated, rules vary by state, and fund management fees tend to be high. Thus, 529 plans are not the panacea to college affordability. 相似文献
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Elizabeth A. Rainsbury Michael E. Bradbury Steven F. Cahan 《Accounting & Business Research》2013,43(5):393-408
This study investigates demand and supply characteristics associated with firms that voluntarily established audit committees meeting ‘best practice’ membership guidelines. We focus on a set of best practice criteria rather than on the separate elements of the best practice criteria as in past studies. We conduct our tests using a sample of New Zealand listed companies that, relative to firms in other capital markets, are smaller and have more concentrated ownership. This setting differs from prior research because we expect the costs of voluntarily achieving best practice to be reasonably high. The results show that demand factors are not significantly related to the presence of an audit committee that conforms with best practice membership guidelines. However, supply factors (i.e. those firms with larger and more independent boards) are more likely to form audit committees that meet best practice. These results suggest that compliance costs will be greater for firms with smaller and less independent boards of directors if they are required to comply with best practice requirements. 相似文献
99.
This paper considers the application of semiparametric methods to estimate propensity scores or probabilities of program participation, which are central to certain program evaluation methods. To evaluate the practical benefits, we first conduct a Monte Carlo study. Second, we use data from the NSW experiment, CPS, and PSID. We compare treatment effect and evaluation bias estimates using propensity scores estimated from parametric logit, semiparametric single index, and semiparametric binary quantile regression models. Our results suggest that it is important to account for very general forms of heterogeneity in (semiparametric) estimation of the propensity score, particularly when the treatment effects vary in an unsystematic manner with the true propensity score. 相似文献
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