Calibrating an algorithm for estimating transactions from FXFX exchange rate quotes

In this paper we investigate the efficiency of a class of transaction-generating algorithms, originally suggested in Bollerslev and Domowitz (1993). Our comparison utilizes real transaction data recorded over Reuters D2000-2 electronic broking system for 7 h in June 1993 and transaction data generated from FXFX quotations over an identical period. Results suggest that, at this high-frequency data sampling, the performance of these transaction-generating algorithms is poor, with the most likely explanation of this outcome due to the high-frequency characteristics of FXFX spreads and quotation intensity.     

发达国家金融结构演变的新趋势及其借鉴意义

本文使用全部私人市场资本化总量与全部私人信贷总量之比和股票市场资本化总量与存款货币银行信贷总量之比两大指标,来描述发达国家的金融结构;用金融发展总水平这一指标来描述发达国家金融发展的水平。无论从对23个样本国家时间序列数据的分析还是从结合金融发展的分析来看,发达国家金融结构演变都显示出了股票市场主导的金融市场融资比重增加和银行主导的金融中介融资比重下降的趋势。其中,少数发达国家出现了由中介为主体到由市场为主体逆转的趋势,和／或者出现了由银行为主导到由股票市场为主导逆转的趋势。作者还提出了这一新趋势对我国金融结构转变的借鉴意义。     

Valuation of vulnerable American options with correlated credit risk

This article evaluates vulnerable American options based on the two-point Geske and Johnson method. In accordance with the Martingale approach, we provide analytical pricing formulas for European and multi-exercisable options under risk-neutral measures. Employing Richardson’s extrapolation gets the values of vulnerable American options. To demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed method, we use numerical examples to compare the values of vulnerable American options from our proposed method with the benchmark values from the least-square Monte Carlo simulation method. We also perform sensitivity analyses for vulnerable American options and show how the prices of vulnerable American options vary with the correlation between the underlying assets and the option writer’s assets.      

The relationship between stock returns and volatility in international stock markets

This study examines the relationship between expected stock returns and volatility in the 12 largest international stock markets during January 1980 to December 2001. Consistent with most previous studies, we find a positive but insignificant relationship during the sample period for the majority of the markets based on parametric EGARCH-M models. However, using a flexible semiparametric specification of conditional variance, we find evidence of a significant negative relationship between expected returns and volatility in 6 out of the 12 markets. The results lend some support to the recent claim [Bekaert, G., Wu, G., 2000. Asymmetric volatility and risk in equity markets. Review of Financial Studies 13, 1–42; Whitelaw, R., 2000. Stock market risk and return: an empirical equilibrium approach. Review of Financial Studies 13, 521–547] that stock market returns are negatively correlated with stock market volatility.     

关于无形资产评估中折现率确定方法的探讨

折现率的预测和确定是无形资产评估中的难点问题之一。由于折现率是影响评估结果准确度的重要参数,所以在当前对高质量资产评估结果的需求日益迫切的背景下,有必要再度探讨无形资产折现率确定方法的相关问题。本文提出应根据引起无形资产评估的具体情况来选择合理的折现率确定方法;同时也提出了无形资产折现率确定方法运用和发展的几点建议:科学性和合理性相结合、静态分析与动态分析相结合、因素分析与模型分析相结合。     

"卡脖子"技术协作攻关的政府择优支持制度研究

"卡脖子"技术是一种"人有我无""受制于人"的共性技术,政府支持对其协作攻关必须以择优制度为保障.由于"卡脖子"技术是一种可对标的特殊共性技术,因而政府择优支持制度具备择优条件,可以有效防范支持制度的政府失灵.政府择优支持制度包含择优技术标准、信息共享、测试平台共享等制度,有利于形成科学技术路线、释放优秀方案潜力,从而降低协作成本、提升合作收益、激发创新投入、实现高效攻关.对科研机构和生产企业攻关协作的博弈模型论证了上述观点.     

Organizational climate for innovation and creative teaching in urban and rural schools

Due to the impact of knowledge-based economies, all countries strive to foster creative education. Research has demonstrated that creativity is influenced both by individual characteristics and by the environment. Previous research examining creative teaching by teachers in Taiwan has typically focused on the relationships between creative teaching and innovative personal characteristics, school leaders’ behaviors, and internal motivation. The purpose of this study was to move beyond prior research to investigate the relationship between creative teaching behaviors and innovation-fostering elements of the organizational climate in schools. In addition, we examined the impact on teacher creativity of urban versus rural school location.