The relationship between stock returns and volatility in international stock markets

This study examines the relationship between expected stock returns and volatility in the 12 largest international stock markets during January 1980 to December 2001. Consistent with most previous studies, we find a positive but insignificant relationship during the sample period for the majority of the markets based on parametric EGARCH-M models. However, using a flexible semiparametric specification of conditional variance, we find evidence of a significant negative relationship between expected returns and volatility in 6 out of the 12 markets. The results lend some support to the recent claim [Bekaert, G., Wu, G., 2000. Asymmetric volatility and risk in equity markets. Review of Financial Studies 13, 1–42; Whitelaw, R., 2000. Stock market risk and return: an empirical equilibrium approach. Review of Financial Studies 13, 521–547] that stock market returns are negatively correlated with stock market volatility.     

新的认识 新的高度--读《企业价值评估指导意见(试行)》有感

企业价值评估是价值评估的一个重要分支.其评估的对象是企业的整体价值、企业全部股权或部分股权的价值.自中国资产评估行业创立始,企业价值评估就是其一项主要的业务,但是许多评估师对企业价值评估的认识还只是停留在将企业各项资产价值累加的阶段.现中国资产评估协会发布了企业价值评估指导意见,为广大的评估师以及企业价值评估服务使用者等各方人士提供了一个重新认识企业价值评估的契机.     

公路收费权价值评估方法分析

通过对公路收费权属性的分析,说明可用收益法、市场法和成本法三种方法对公路收费权这一无形资产进行评估.最后提出,可对三种方法评估结果进行加权平均,以求评估结果更趋于合理化.     

是无形资产还是有形资产--土地使用权价值评估中的困惑及其解析

文章认为作为用益物权的土地使用权,因其资产形态不清、界定不明给资产评估造成了困惑和不便.文章主张,土地使用权的价值应尽量使用市场法进行评估.在市场数据难以获取的情况下,选择收益法也不失为次优的解决方式.文章建议将土地使用权作进一步细致的划分,如划拨土地使用权、出让土地使用权、土地作价出资权(或入股权)、租赁权、一定程度的转让权和破产清算时处置土地的权利等,从而根据其权利内涵的不同,确定其评估价值.     

企业接受捐赠的会计处理探析

财政部、国家税务总局《关于执行〈企业会计制度〉和相关会计准则问题解答(三)》(财会[2003]29号)对企业接受捐赠的会计处理在《企业会计制度》的基础上予以进一步明确。但仔细分析不难发现,目前的会计处理仍然存在两大问题:一是违背了会计核算的基本原则之一——配比原则;二是混淆了负债与所有者权益的界限。本文通过分析税收法规和会计制度的相关规定,拟探讨一下其中问题所在,并提出建议。相关法规和制度的规定与分析(一)税收法规的规定与分析按《国家税务总局关于执行〈企业会计制度〉需要明确的有关所得税问题的通告》(国税发[2003]45号…     

股权分置改革中"支付对价"的会计处理

当前,股权分置改革已成为我国经济领域中的焦点问题。而其中“支付对价”的会计处理也受到众多人士的关注。本文在此探讨这一问题仅代表个人观点。本文的基本观点:在股权分置改革中,非流通股东向流通股东支付对价是为了获得上市流通权,会计处理上应资本化而非费用化。相应地,这部分对价资产不需摊销,而是在股份实现流通时结转成本,与减持股份实现的收入相配比。相关概念释义1“.流通权”“。流通权”并非指股份转让权。股份自由转让系股份公司的本质特征,无论流通股还是非流通股都拥有这项权利,例如多年来盛行的非流通股的协议转让就是行使…     

外国石油公司动态（2005年8月）

雷普索尔与Hunt石油公司签署秘鲁LNG出口协议；壳牌加拿大Athabasca油砂项目需大幅增加投资；雷普索尔与Gas Natural SDG成立LNG合资公司；挪威国家石油公司与阿尔及利亚签署合作协议；TNK-BP将投资2．7亿美元开发东西伯利亚油田；壳牌与CHOREN合作首次开发商业性太阳能燃料；壳牌将在2006年出售LPG资产；壳牌获得波弗特海勘探区块重返阿拉斯加；克尔-麦吉以35亿美元出售北海石油资产；俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司签署首个LNG交换协议；优尼科公司股东大会投票批准与雪佛龙合并；道达尔收购Deer Creek能源全部股份；埃克森美孚公司向Grupa Lotos公司出售加气站；Gazprom今年上半年净收入增加40．7％；埃尼获得路易斯安那州LNG终端再汽化能力；埃尼获得印度两个勘探许可证股权；埃克森美孚退出印尼亚齐海上区块A；壳牌等三家公司共同赢得爱尔兰深水勘探许可证；安纳达科购买雷佛龙在墨西哥湾勘探项目20％～25％股权；BP在安哥拉超深水31区块获得第八个发现。     

Spatial Heterogeneity in Mortgage Terminations by Refinance, Sale and Default

This article investigates the impact of spatially correlated unobservable variables on the refinancing, selling and default decisions of mortgage borrowers. Virtually the entire mortgage literature acknowledges that borrower-specific characteristics, such as culture, education or access to information, play an important role in mortgage termination decisions. While we do not observe these variables directly, we note that borrowers of similar background tend to cluster together in neighborhoods. We estimate a competing risks hazard model with random effects using a three-stage maximum likelihood estimation approach. We utilize the space-varying coefficient method to modify the covariance structure according to the spatial distribution of the observations. Beyond a significant improvement of the model performance, this yields a number of insightful implications for mortgage termination behavior. For instance, borrowers of the affluent "West Side" of Los Angeles County both refinance and move at a higher rate than predicted by the standard maximum likelihood estimation method. At the same time, borrowers from some lower-valued neighborhoods tend to stay longer than expected with their mortgages and properties.     

Management's Materiality Criteria of Internal Control Weaknesses and Corporate Fraud: Evidence from China

This paper investigates the determinants and consequence of Chinese listed companies' first-time decisions on materiality criteria for internal control weaknesses, which have been observable beginning from the 2011 annual report. Although pretax income is most commonly used as the benchmark for materiality, revenue is also used as a popular alternative. Revenue is more susceptible to manipulation, as it has a much larger financial amount than pretax income. We argue that unethical managers prefer not to disclose material weaknesses by manipulating the materiality criteria to justify non-disclosure of a potentially material weakness. Consistent with this opportunistic incentive, we find that when companies committed fraud in the previous year that remains undetected, their management is more likely to use revenue (rather than pretax income) as the first-time benchmark and to set a higher revenue-based materiality threshold as well. Moreover, once the materiality metrics are set, the first-time revenue-based materiality threshold is significantly and positively associated with subsequent incidence of corporate fraud, which suggests that setting deviant and loose materiality metrics leaves room for the management to engage in future misconduct.