Consistency of assessments in infinite signaling games

In this paper we investigate possible ways to define consistency of assessments in infinite signaling games, i.e. signaling games in which the sets of types, messages and answers are complete, separable metric spaces. Roughly speaking, a consistency concept is called appropriate if it implies Bayesian consistency and copies the original idea of consistency in finite extensive form games as introduced by ^{Kreps and Wilson (Econometrica 1982, 50, 863–894)}. We present a particular appropriate consistency concept, which we call strong consistency and give a characterization of strongly consistent assessments. It turns out that all appropriate consistency concepts are refinements of strong consistency. Finally, we define and characterize structurally consistent assessments in infinite signaling games.     

The impact of EU common agricultural policy decoupling on farm households: Income vs. investment effects

This paper analyses the effects of decoupling (as introduced in the 2003 reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy) on farm income and investment behaviour. The results of a dynamic multi-objective household model for 80 farm households in 8 EU countries are analysed and presented through a measure of investment-income elasticity as a reaction to decoupling. The results highlight the differing and contrasting reactions of farm households to policy changes. The main conclusion is that the diversity of farm specialisations and the dynamics of long-term adaptation should be taken into account more explicitly in the evaluation of policy impacts on EU farming systems.     

Cost Structure and Vertical Integration between Farming and Processing

In several food‐producing sectors, we observe vertical integration between the farming and processing stages. The salmon industry, which has motivated this paper, has seen a rise in large vertically integrated companies over the last decade, with direct ownership of production activities including hatcheries, fish processing and exporting. Both the farming and processing stages have become more capital intensive, which has led to a steeper U‐shaped average cost (AC) curve. In this paper we present a theoretical link between this technological shift and vertical integration: in a repeated game model of relational contracting, we show that when the AC curve is sufficiently steep, then processors and farmers are more likely to vertically integrate. The reason is that steep AC curves make it costly to deviate from the optimal production scale, which in turn makes processors more vulnerable to hold‐up and opportunistic behaviours from its suppliers.     

广州瀚华增拓景观业务 再添两员外籍虎将

广州瀚华建筑设计有限公司诞生于2000年,是国内较早建立现代管理模式的民营建筑设计企业,持有国家颁发的建筑工程甲级设计资质,在大型住区、办公、商业、文化、教育和其他建筑类型等方面拥有丰富的设计经验,创作了广东海上丝绸之路博物馆、广东美术馆时代分馆、耀中广场、时代玫瑰园、竹韵山庄、依云小镇、中海蓝湾、力迅上筑、保利香雪山等众多知名的建筑设计佳作。     

营造积极的开放空间 提升规划价值——广州纬纶建筑设计思路分析

总体布局兼顾开放与私密纬纶规划营造一个舒适而休闲的居住环境：＂在这个环境中再创造一种私密的居住空间,社区——街区——组团——建筑,从而形成一种开放——半开放——半私密——私密的居住空间,这样的居住环境与居住空间才能体现出规划的价值。＂在这样的设计宗旨下,依据小区功能、居住形式的划分和住宅类别的不同,利用小区内的车行道,纬纶把山水华府二期小区主要分为中间的低层联排住宅区和周边的高层商住区。     

会计委派的成本效益分析

从成本效益分析的角度探讨会计委派制的可行性。认为,会计委派制对我国目前的财务监督起到了相当大的作用,但会计委派制由政府部门实施,不符合现代企业发展方向。随着我国经济的发展,会计人才市场的建立和完善,会计委派制将退出历史舞台,逐渐被会计行业监督所替代。     

水资源开发利用生态后果及流域生态资产经济评价方法综述

本文论述了流域水资源的生态资产价值、流域水资源开发生态后果及其生态资产的经济评价方法。流域水资源生态资产评价应根据不同流域、同一流域不同河段水资源主要功能,当地社会经济发展水平和环境保护状况等,选择或使用不同的方法加以研究。     

Costly Pre‐Play Communication and Coordination in Stag‐Hunt Games

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the impact of costly indirect and direct messages on coordination levels in a stag‐hunt game. Three main insights emerge from our experiments. First, we find a significant decrease in message usage with message cost in both treatments and a higher decrease in the indirect‐message treatment. Second, we find that although there is no significant effect of costless or costly indirect messages on the frequency of risky actions, both costless, and costly direct messages significantly increase the frequency of risky actions. Third, while we find a significant increase in the coordination rate on the payoff‐dominant equilibrium from costless indirect message treatment to costly indirect message treatment, this rate significantly decreases from costless direct message to costly direct message treatment. Our findings show that depending on the structure of messages, message cost may increase or decrease the coordination rates on the payoff‐dominant equilibrium with respect to costless communication. However, costly communication increases efficient coordination rates with respect to the no communication baseline. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.