California Resident Motives for Gambling at Indian Reservations Versus Las Vegas

The casino gaming sector has become a lucrative part of the hospitality industry. California Indian casinos have expanded to now compete with casinos in Las Vegas, but more California residents gamble in Las Vegas casinos. Little research has been conducted to reveal why California residents travel to Las Vegas to gamble at casinos when California Indian casinos are closer. Thus, this study focused on what motivates California residents to gamble at California Indian casinos as opposed to those who gamble at Las Vegas casinos. A total of 300 online surveys were used for data analysis. First, exploratory factor analysis was performed to find the underlying dimensions of casino motivations. Second, independent-samples t-tests were conducted to compare the perceptions the two groups have of casinos. Then, one-way ANOVA tests were implemented to find differences between casino motivation factors and six different demographic variables. This study will help both California Indian and Las Vegas casinos to assess their services and more effectively market to California residents.     

Spatiotemporal distribution of urban walking tourists by season using GPS-based smartphone application

The purpose of this study is to determine urban walking tourists’ spatiotemporal distribution by season. With the Bukchon Hanok Village in Seoul, South Korea, as a study site, a GPS-based smartphone application collects spatiotemporal data from 233 participants, and GIS and statistical methods are used to analyze walking tourists’ spatiotemporal distribution by season. The main results of difference analysis show that the moving and staying variables of urban walking tourists differ significantly by season. In addition, spatiotemporal distributions using ArcGIS's tools show clear spatial and temporal concentrations along commercial areas and the main access road to the study site by season, while residential areas are isolated from the benefits of walking tourism. Policy-makers and planners of walking tours should use these unbalanced spatiotemporal distributions of walking tourists to define policies that would distribute tourists spatially and temporally, thereby decreasing conflicts arise between stakeholders.     

Stakeholder Engagement,Knowledge Problems and Ethical Challenges

Journal of Business Ethics - In the management and business ethics literatures, stakeholder engagement has been demonstrated to lead to more ethical management practices. However, there may be...     

The impact of emotional self-management on benefit offerings and employment growth: an analysis of the fastest growing businesses in the United States

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal - Increases in the cost of benefit offerings have led organizations to cut back benefits in an effort to reduce overall labor costs. Since...     

Exchange-rate return predictability and the adaptive markets hypothesis: Evidence from major foreign exchange rates

This study examines return predictability of major foreign exchange rates by testing for martingale difference hypothesis (MDH) using daily and weekly nominal exchange rates from 1975 to 2009. We use three alternative tests for the MDH, which include the wild bootstrap automatic variance ratio test, generalized spectral test, and Dominguez–Lobato consistent tests. We evaluate time-varying return predictability by applying these tests with fixed-length moving sub-sample windows. While exchange rate returns are found to be unpredictable most of times, we do observe a number of episodes of statistically significant return predictability. They are mostly associated with the major events such as coordinated central bank interventions and financial crises. This finding suggests that return predictability of foreign exchange rates occurs from time to time depending on changing market conditions, consistent with the implications of the adaptive markets hypothesis.     

Semiparametric tests of conditional moment restrictions under weak or partial identification

We propose two new semiparametric specification tests which test whether a vector of conditional moment conditions is satisfied for any vector of parameter values θ₀. Unlike most existing tests, our tests are asymptotically valid under weak and/or partial identification and can accommodate discontinuities in the conditional moment functions. Our tests are moreover consistent provided that identification is not too weak. We do not require the availability of a consistent first step estimator. Like Robinson [Robinson, Peter M., 1987. Asymptotically efficient estimation in the presence of heteroskedasticity of unknown form. Econometrica 55, 875–891] and many others in similar problems subsequently, we use k-nearest neighbor (knn) weights instead of kernel weights. The advantage of using knn weights is that local power is invariant to transformations of the instruments and that under strong point identification computation of the test statistic yields an efficient estimator of θ₀ as a byproduct.     

Permanency of CSR Activities and Firm Value

So far overlooked by the international business ethics literature, we introduce, characterize, and normatively analyze the use of affective ties and networks in South Korea from an ethical point of view. Whereas the ethics of using Guanxi in China has been comprehensively discussed, Korean informal networks remain difficult to manage for firms in South Korea due to the absence of existing academic debate and research in this field. In this study, we concentrate mainly on the question of whether foreign firms will and can use affective ties in Korea. The informal social network forms are classified and contrasted with the conventional ethical approaches used in international business ethics (relativism, universalism, and social contract theory) to assess which categories can be regarded as ethical or unethical. Finally, foreign firms are advised how to cope with and use different affective network types. Although the nature of affective ties and networks in Korea differs from that found for instance in China (Guanxi), consistent with the conclusion of prior research, we recommend particularistic analysis and decision making regarding the circumstances in which to conclude affective ties and networks and when to opt out. We conclude that foreign firms in Korea should invest in establishing Inmaek, refrain from engaging in Yonjul, and support host country nationals’ Yongo ties. Moreover, it is suggested that foreign firms should find ways to monitor and manage informal ties effectively.     

Fairness and food choice

Although experimental studies have reported a wide array of other-regarding behavior, the pervasiveness of such behavior in the field is an open question. Using a stated-preference experiment, we first estimate people’s preferences, when purchasing food products, for the distribution of benefits accruing to participants in the food supply chain. Although none of the existing fairness models exhibit much predictive power, we find that people are in-fact concerned about the distribution of benefits resulting from food purchases, and that modifications to the models to fit the food context significantly improves explanatory power. Finally, we find that the measured preferences, along with elicited beliefs are significant predictors of people’s willingness-to-pay a premium for organic food.     

Diversification Strategies and the Experience of Top Executives of Large Firms

Prior research by Berg and Pitts has shown that there is a difference in the diversification strategies followed by major corporations; this strategy depends upon the type of organizational structure at the corporate level. This paper extends research on diversification strategy by testing the hypotheses that the skills and competence of the incumbent chief executive officer of a major firm are associated with its diversification strategy. Using empirical data spanning the years 1965-1980 for fifty-three major U.S. firms that have diversified and grown, it is shown that the background and prior experience of the incumbent CEO of each firm is significantly associated with the diversification strategy of a firm. This has implications for boards of directors in their search for and selection of top level corporate executives, as well as implications for managers in search of executive jobs.     

Time-varying term premium in T-bill futures rate and the expectations hypothesis

This paper examines time-varying term premium in the T-bill futures rate to determine its significance for the expectations hypothesis (EH). Similar to previous studies on the T-bill forward rates, our data reject the joint hypothesis of the EH and the rational expectations hypothesis (RE). Under the assumption of zero rational expectational error, we find a substantial variation of term premium in the futures rate over time. Furthermore, the lower bound of the expected term premium variance is significantly positive when the rational expectational error is allowed to be nonzero. These findings are inconsistent with the EH. In addition, a relatively high ratio of the lower bound of the expected term premium variance to the prediction error variance implies that the poor predictive power of the futures rate should not be attributed mainly to the market's rational expectational errors.