财经类院校的商品学教学研究

现今商品学教学面临诸多问题,学科定位不明确,过分强调学科的完整性、专业性、技术性,教学思想没有很好地转变,教学仍然没有脱离普教的模式,商品学课程建设与现财经类专业建设脱节,没有针对财经类院校的实用教材,师资队伍力量薄弱等。为搞好商品学教学,使商品学学科发展能够持续、稳定、健康发展,应积极进行教学内容和教学课程结构的改革,加快商品学学科建设,加强商品学师资队伍建设。     

进一步落实科学发展观实现中国能源可持续发展——访国家能源领导小组办公室副主任徐锭明

能源行业落实科学发展观,一是必须坚持以人为本,二是必须坚持发展.要根本解决国内能源资源缺乏、环境压力大、安全隐患多、能源效率低等重大问题,必须及时调整产业结构,转变经济增长方式,控制高耗能产业发展,引导人们转变消费观念和生活方式.必须坚定不移地贯彻"节能优先,效率为本;煤为基础,多元发展;立足国内,开拓海外;统筹城乡,合理布局;依靠科技,创新体制;保护环境,保障安全"的能源工作指导方针,确保能源工业能够节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展、实现可持续发展.     

浅谈油气田企业固定资产折旧方法

以油田开发过程中油气井固定资产的特点及产量变化规律为依据，与财务会计制度和经济效益变化规律相结合，论述了含水上升和产量递减对折旧成本的影响，指出了油气田企业折旧方法的选择，使折旧的计提方法更符合油气田开发的经济运行规律。     

我国上市公司资本结构影响股权代理成本的实证分析

公司资本结构是公司治理结构的重要方面,它对公司代理成本有着直接的影响。本文对1990—2003年上市公司资本结构影响股权代理成本的实证分析表明,经营者持股比例与股权代理成本呈显著负相关;负债融资比例、法人股比例和第一大股东持股比例与股权代理成本呈不显著负相关;国家股比例和流通股比例与股权代理成本呈较显著正相关。这些研究结论表明,资本结构对股东、经营者和债权人之间的契约关系有着直接的影响,完善资本结构是完善我国上市公司治理结构从而降低代理成本的重要途径之一。     

析《税收征管法》第三十八条及相关规定

设置税收保全的目的 修订后的<税收征管法>在为税务机关增设如税收保全、税收行政强制执行、离境清税、代位权与撤销权、税收优先权等许多权力的同时,也增加了诸多限制性条件,特别是程序性的限制,以体现依法治税、税收法律主义的要求.这表明,虽然权力增设的目的是确保国家税款不因纳税人的干扰而流失,使税收债权充分实现,但是税务机关在保证国家税款及时足额征收的前提下,并不能藉此对相关纳税人进行惩罚而造成额外的负担或损失.     

棒材打捆机单片机控制系统

介绍了棒材打捆机控制的发展及现状,对单片机应用到棒材打捆机控制中做了尝试,并给出了具体的硬件线路原理框图和软件程序框图.     

Revisiting the Miles and Snow strategic framework: uncovering interrelationships between strategic types,capabilities, environmental uncertainty,and firm performance

The Miles and Snow strategic type framework is re‐examined with respect to interrelationships with several theoretically relevant batteries of variables, including SBU strategic capabilities, environmental uncertainty, and performance. A newly developed constrained, multi‐objective, classification methodology is modified to empirically derive an alternative quantitative typology using survey data obtained from 709 firms in three countries (China, Japan, United States). We compare the Miles and Snow typology to the classification empirically derived utilizing this combinatorial optimization clustering procedure. With respect to both variable battery associations and objective statistical criteria, we show that the empirically derived solution clearly dominates the traditional P‐A‐D‐R typology of Miles and Snow. Implications and directions for future research are provided. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fair value disclosures and crash risk

In response to the public criticism of the inadequate disclosures mandated by SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, the FASB issued ASU (Accounting Standards Update) 2010–06, Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements, and ASU 2011–04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements, in an effort to increase the reporting transparency. We examine whether the increased fair value disclosures required by these two updates effectively decrease crash risk, defined as the frequency of extreme negative stock returns. In support of the hypothesis, we find that increased transparency from these updates reduces crash risk among U.S. banking firms and that the reduction is greater in banks that have a higher level of Level 3 financial assets.     

Properties of Census Dual System Population Size Estimators

We study parametric and non‐parametric approaches for assessing the accuracy and coverage of a population census based on dual system surveys. The two parametric approaches being considered are post‐stratification and logistic regression, which have been or will be implemented for the US Census dual system surveys. We show that the parametric model‐based approaches are generally biased unless the model is correctly specified. We then study a local post‐stratification approach based on a non‐parametric kernel estimate of the Census enumeration functions. We illustrate that the non‐parametric approach avoids the risk of model mis‐specification and is consistent under relatively weak conditions. The performances of these estimators are evaluated numerically via simulation studies and an empirical analysis based on the 2000 US Census post‐enumeration survey data.     

Female participation in African labor markets: The role of information and communication technologies

This article investigates the effects of information and communication technologies (ICT) on female labor force participation in a sample of 48 African countries. We specify and estimate linear regression and dynamic panel data models with fixed effects (FE) and system-generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) estimation over the period 2001–2017. The three main results are that ICT use (mobile phone and internet) significantly stimulates female labor force participation in Africa; this effect is enhanced by financial development and female education; the effect of ICT on female employment in Africa is strongest in the industrial sector. These results remain robust to the provision of social, cultural, and institutional variables.