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141.
The authors investigate the choice of currency of invoicing in international trade under exchange rate fluctuations. Predictions derived from a model developed by Donnenfeld and Zilcha in 1991, and others, regarding the optimal choice of currency of invoice are tested for imports into Canada. The authors employ a unique dataset from Customs Canada that covers a six-year period and lists all currencies used for invoicing by industry. The empirical results support the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between the extent of invoicing in the importer's national currency and exchange rate risk, and a negative relationship between invoicing in the exporter's currency as well as invoicing in a third currency and exchange rate risk. The empirical results further indicate that relative size of a country plays a role in determining the currency of invoicing. 相似文献
142.
Sir Alfred Sherman, distinguished journalist and founder of the Centre for Policy Studies, defines and attacks further 'weasel words'. 相似文献
143.
144.
This paper reports the relationship between earnings and share prices. The results show that unexpected earnings changes are significantly associated with share price changes. However, the strength of the earnings effect is not as pronounced as those reported in the more analytically-intensive developed stock markets. The results are adjusted for risk differences by using a non-synchronous correction procedure to remove thin-trading bias. 相似文献
145.
Alfred Lorn Norman 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》1984,8(2):137-149
The linear quadratic control problem with unknown parameters is analytically intractable. To obtain an analytically tractable strategy the statistical assumptions frequently considered are (1) fixed known parameters, (2) independent random parameters, and (3) independent path dependent stochastic parameters. Also considered are three information structures — (1) no observations, (2) observations without anticipation, and (3) observations with anticipation. Treating the assumptions as true, the performance of the strategies is shown to monotonically improve with respect to the information structure in order 1, 2, 3 and with respect to the statistical assumptions in order 2, 3, 1. The results provide estimates of the performance losses due to position and parameter uncertainty for the unknown parameter case. 相似文献
146.
147.
It is commonplace in the debate on Germany's labor market problems to argue that low wage dispersion is a major reason for the high unemployment rate. This paper analyzes the relationship between unemployment and residual wage dispersion for individuals with comparable attributes. In the conventional neoclassical point of view, wages are determined by the marginal product of the workers. Accordingly, increases in union minimum wages result in a decline of residual wage dispersion and higher unemployment. A competing view regards wage dispersion as the outcome of search frictions and the associated monopsony power of the firms. Accordingly, an increase in search frictions causes both higher unemployment and higher wage dispersion. The empirical analysis attempts to discriminate between the two hypotheses for West Germany analyzing the relationship between wage dispersion and both the level of unemployment as well as the transition rates between different labor market states. The findings are not completely consistent with either theory. However, as predicted by search theory, one robust result is that unemployment by cells is not negatively correlated with the within‐cell wage dispersion. 相似文献
148.
Alfred V. Guender 《International economic journal》2013,27(3):355-377
Abstract This paper compares optimal monetary policy under discretion and commitment in an economy where the direct exchange rate channel is operative. The stabilization bias under discretion is shown to be weaker in an open economy relative to a closed economy. In an open economy, a ‘less conservative central banker’, one that attaches a smaller weight to the variance of inflation in the loss function, can be appointed to replicate the behaviour of real output that eventuates under commitment. Evaluating the social loss function under discretion and commitment, we find that the existence of a direct exchange rate channel in the Phillips Curve mitigates the pronounced differences between the two strategies in case of high persistence in the stochastic shocks. 相似文献
149.
We analyze the persistence of new jobs in new and old firms. This measure assesses the sustainability of job creation in different circumstances. We find that new jobs in Austria last significantly longer in new than in old firms. 相似文献
150.
This paper investigates the impact of in-house R&D and innovation management practices on innovation success in small and
medium-sized firms (SMEs). While there is little doubt about the significance of technology competence for generating successful
innovations, in-house R&D activities may be a particular challenge for SMEs due to high risk exposure, high fixed costs, high
minimum investment and severe financial constraints. SMEs may thus opt for refraining from R&D and relying more on innovation
management tools in order to achieve innovation success. We analyse whether such a strategy can pay off. Based on data from
the German CIS, we find that R&D activities are a main driver for innovation success if combined with external R&D, using
external innovation sources or by entering into co-operation agreements. SMEs without in-house R&D can yield a similar innovation
success if they effectively apply human resource management tools or team work to facilitate innovation processes.
相似文献
Alfred SpielkampEmail: |