Survive the droughts,I wish you well: Principles and cases of liquidity risk management

Short‐term, liquid assets are highly valued by lenders, but pose liquidity risk management challenges to borrowers. Basic principles to meet those challenges are to conduct liquidity stress scenario analysis; to form business plans for each stress scenario; to hold enough capital to sustain the planned, post‐shock balance sheet; and to hold a large enough liquidity reserve to survive the transition from the pre‐ to the post‐shock balance sheet. Historical failures, like Northern Rock, Bear Stearns, and MF Global have a lot to teach about implementing these principles. While regulatory frameworks constrain liquidity positions, they are no substitute for firm‐specific liquidity risk management.     

Time series econometrics for the 21st century

What topics should be taught to undergraduate students in econometric time series?     

The changing profile of caravanners in Australia

Caravanning has been a popular leisure activity in Australia for many decades. In recent years the profile of the industry has changed with a shift from family caravanning to retirees. This change has significant implications for the industry overall as well as the regional areas visited by caravanners. This paper reports on research designed to develop a profile of contemporary caravanning in Australia. One of the most significant findings was the homogeneity of the respondents. The largest groups of respondents were ‘empty nesters’, people who were retired or near retirement and who were attracted to three clusters of activities: nature; shopping and eating; and visiting heritage attractions. Another major finding of interest for regional areas was the relatively low daily expenditure on food and accommodation. The paper discusses a range of options that may be used by regional areas to boost their caravan sector. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Public entrants,public equity finance and creative destruction

We explore the importance of new public firms and public equity finance for R&D and creative destruction in the US high-tech sector. Over 1900 new public firms enter high-tech manufacturing between 1970 and 2004; they are increasingly R&D intensive and rely extensively on public equity finance in the 1980s and 1990s. We estimate dynamic R&D models and find a strong link between public equity finance and R&D for new entrants, but not established entrants or incumbents. Further, recent cohorts of public entrants have a substantial economic impact: by 2000, recent public entrants account for almost half of high-tech sales and more than half of R&D. Variation in the availability of public equity finance has a marked impact on entrant R&D and the rate at which entrants take market share from incumbents. Our findings identify a key channel through which public equity markets facilitate the process of creative destruction.     

Investor sentiment,executive compensation,and corporate investment

We develop a model that predicts corporate investment level increases with investors’ optimism and that the relationship between investment level and executive compensation depends on investor sentiment and other parameters. The empirical test shows that optimism is significantly and positively related to the level of investment and that executive compensation is insignificantly related to the level of investment. The managerial share ownership is positively related to the level of investment, conditional on the degree of optimism. The empirical results suggest that executives make investment decisions that not only cater to investor sentiment but also reflect their own interest in the company.     

Making Doha More Developmentally Friendly for Agriculture

The opportunity to achieve the substantial benefits from the “once-in-a-generation” reduction in the support and protection of the agriculture sector under the Doha Development Agenda appears to be slipping away. The paper outlines a series of factors for the delay in the negotiations. The author contends that if developed countries had been more proactive on a trade and development agenda, then there could have been an agreement reached several months ago. Such a developmentally friendly agenda could involve (i) better Special and Differential Treatment on market access and more flexible market access protection for developing countries, (ii) a binding commitment to increase aid for trade assistance, (iii) more resources to provide human resource capacity building in export marketing in developing countries, (iv) an agreement for the termination of trade distorting domestic support, and (v) revisions to the SPS Agreement to accommodate the concerns of developing countries. A developmentally friendly agreement would likely still allow the majority of the Doha Round gains to be realized by developed countries. The paper also tracks the developments, describes the progress, and reviews the empirical estimates of the expected global impact of the eight-year Doha Round negotiations. L'occasion de profiter des avantages substantiels que pourrait procurer la réduction « unique » du soutien et du protectionnisme agricoles dans le cadre du Programme de Doha pour le développement semble s'échapper. Le présent article expose une série de facteurs responsables du retard dans les négociations. L'auteur soutient que si les pays développés avaient été davantage proactifs quant à l'élaboration d'un programme d'échanges et de développement, un accord aurait pu être conclu il y a plusieurs mois déjà. Un programme soucieux du développement pourrait inclure: i) un « Traitement spécial et différencié» amélioré sur l'accès au marché et une protection de l'accès au marché plus souple pour les pays en développement; ii) un engagement obligatoire pour accroître l'aide au commerce; iii) davantage de ressources pour accroître le renforcement des capacités des pays en développement dans le domaine de la commercialisation des exportations; iv) un accord pour mettre fin au soutien interne qui distord les échanges; v) des modifications à l'Accord MSP pour répondre aux préoccupations des pays en développement. Un accord soucieux du développement permettrait probablement aux pays développés de réaliser la majorité des gains du cycle de Doha. Le présent article fait état des développements, décrit les progrès et examine les estimations empiriques des répercussions globales de la huitième année de négociations du cycle de Doha.     

An analysis of the profiles and motivations of habitual commodity speculators

The focus of this study is the habitual speculator in commodity futures markets. The speculator's activity broadens a market, creates essential liquidity, and performs an irreplaceable pricing function. Working knowledge of the profiles and motivations of habitual speculators is essential to both market theorists and policy makers. Responses to a 73-question survey were collected directly from retail commodity brokers with offices in Alabama. Each questionnaire recorded information on an individual commodity client who had traded for an extended period of time. The typical trader studied is a married, white male, age 52. He is affluent and well educated. He is a self-employed business owner who can recover from financial setbacks. He is a politically right-wing conservative involved in the political process. He assumes a good deal of risk in most phases of his life. He is both an aggressive investor and an active gambler. This trader does not consider preservation of his commodity capital to be a very high trading priority. As a result, he rarely uses stop loss orders. He wins more frequently than he loses (over 51% of the time) but is an overall net loser in dollar terms. In spite of recurring trading losses, he has never made any substantial change in his basic trading style. To this trader, whether he won or lost on a particular trade is more important than the size of the win or loss. Thus he consistently cuts his profits short while letting his losses run. He also worries more about missing a move in the market by being on the sidelines than about losing by being on the wrong side of a market move; that is, being in the action is more important than the financial consequences. Participating brokers confirmed that for the majority of the speculators studied, the primary motivation for continuous trading is the recreational utility derived largely from having a market position. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 18:765–801, 1998