农业生态环境建设:兵团现代农业建设的基础

农业与环境有着天然的、紧密的联系,发展现代农业将不可避免地会对生态环境产生影响,同时也受生态环境的影响和制约.目前,兵团在农业生态环境建设方面虽然已经取得了显著成效,但仍然存在着农业面污染、农业废弃物污染、草地面积减少、土地沙漠化等问题.这远远不符合现代农业发展的要求.为此,本文结合兵团的实际情况和建设现代农业的要求,提出了合理开发资源、加大政策管理力度、从法律上治理生态环境污染以及转变农业生产方式等对策建议.     

GB中国镜像:西部农村小额信贷的形成与运行机制

小额信贷自上世纪90年代以来漫卷中国西部农村。同时,小额信贷也逐渐形成有中国特色的小额信贷运行模式。在以孟加拉乡村银行小额信贷为原型模拟也即镜像的过程中,中国西部农村小额信贷以归纳的方式形成七纵、六横、三足鼎立的框架,而孟加拉乡村银行小额信贷却以演绎的方式形成独立的完整的系统的运行格局。在方法论上,中国西部农村小额信贷基本模拟了孟加拉乡村银行小额信贷的核心价值;而在制度环境、小额信贷使命、组织治理机制等方面,GB中国镜像相去甚远,其中有国情的差异,也有利益相关者的不同考虑。     

The Effect of Behavioral Contagion and Tie-Strength on Calorie Intake in Food Courts

Major contributors to the obesity epidemic are societal and result from sedentary lifestyles and consumption of high-calorie diets. Previous studies suggest that food choice behavior is socially transmissible. Hence, knowledge of the impact of social influence on calorie intake is critical to improve the understanding about the outcomes of policies related to healthful diets. There is the need to analyze the influence of social networks on choosing food in a public place. Thus, we interviewed groups of food court patrons in an all-you-can-eat college dining hall. Results show individuals dining in a group with at least one obese group member are consuming more calories from high-calorie foods and fewer calories from low-calorie foods. Food-related interactions in a group influenced food consumption. Hence, dining with obese peers likely increases calorie intake.     

Reduction in nitrogen fertilizer use results in increased rice yields and improved environmental protection

Overuse of nitrogen fertilizer represents a considerable environmental problem globally, but especially in China. Recently, a recent approach on an experimental scale based on the diffusion of the so-called Three-Control Technology (TCT) successfully alleviated the overuse of nitrogen fertilizer in southern China villages in the Guangdong Province, serving as a reference point for other rice-producing countries tackling similar challenges. Here, we assessed the correlation between rice yields and reduction in the use of nitrogen fertilizer following the introduction of TCT. Our study was based on the collection of primary data from 248 households randomly selected from four rice-growing areas of Guangdong Province, China. Our results show that TCT significantly improved the efficiency in the use of nitrogen. Crucially, participating farmers, including both full adopters and partial adopters, were found to fundamentally change their application practices of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in major improvements in the local soil and water systems.     

玉米播种机变量施肥控制系统设计

针对目前我国盲目粗放施肥、化肥施用量大、生态环境污染严重等问题,设计一种玉米播种机变量施肥控制系统。系统由上位机、下位机、机车速度采集装置、无线通信模块和电源等组成。上位机开发播种机施肥作业智能管理系统,可完成施肥作业参数的设置、作业数据的显示、存储和查询,并向下位机控制器发送指令和接收地轮测速装置信息。下位机以单片机为控制核心,设计闭环控制系统,通过安装在排肥器上的编码器,将采集到的数据信号通过无线通信模块传给上位机。系统采用外槽轮式排肥器作为排肥机构,下位机控制器主要通过控制排肥电机的转速进行肥料的调整。     

眉山市森林食品产业发展现状及对策

通过分析眉山市森林食品产业发展现状,指出眉山市森林食品产业发展中存在的问题,并提出解决问题的对策,为今后眉山市森林食品产业的发展提供参考。     

口服液中粗多糖提取方法的改进

为了考察改进苯酚-硫酸法测定保健品口服液中粗多糖提取方法的可行性,以某保健品口服液为样品,对采用苯酚-硫酸法测定粗多糖含量时的多糖的不同提取条件与测定进行一个较为详细、系统的研究。结果表明:样品经改进提取条件后测定,试验结果表明有良好的线性关系,精密度RSD值为0.69%,稳定性良好,平均加标回收率为101.0%。该方法改进后提高了该实验的精密度和准确度,重现性高,并使结果更加可靠和稳定。     

益生菌乳饮料中活菌数影响因素的优化研究

本文通过分析其加工工艺,对发酵温度、非脂乳固体含量及接种量进行单因素试验,结果表明在发酵温度36~38℃、非脂乳固体含量10%~20%、菌种添加量0.03%~0.07%时益生菌乳饮料中活菌数最多。     

食品检测中免疫检测的应用

现阶段,由于食品安全问题频频发生,人民对该问题的关注程度逐渐提高,食品的检测工作也就越加重要,提高食品中污染物的检测技术水平非常关键。本文分析研究了食品检测中免疫检测的应用,希望能够为该项工作提供一些参考。     

花生酱和饼干中大肠菌群检测方法的灵敏度研究

目的:研究花生酱和饼干中大肠菌群检验方法检出率的灵敏度。方法:对103份花生酱样品进行三种方法的大肠菌群检测。结果:103份花生酱样品中,2003版阳性率13.6%,2016版MPN法阳性率16.5%,2016版平板法阳性率17.4%;80份饼干样品中,2003版阳性率15.0%,16版MPN法和平板法阳性率均16.3%。数据上表明2016版检测方法灵敏度略高于2003版。