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81.
Digitalization is pushing the maritime industry beyond its traditional limits and provides many new opportunities to enhance the productivity, efficiency, and sustainability of logistics. The concept of smart ports, for instance, aims to adopt modern information technologies to enable a better planning and management within and between ports. Strong facilitators of the digitalization are investments into technology and cooperations for promoting information sharing and a better coordination and collaboration, often regarded as a stumbling block in highly competitive environments. Besides many new opportunities, important economic issues and problems arise. We provide an overview of the development and state-of-the-art of digital transformation in modern seaports in order to identify current potentials and barriers. Focusing on the crucial and challenging aspects of coordination and collaboration, we present a conceptual game theoretic framework that allows benefits and cost allocations considering inter-, intra-, and meta-organizational perspectives. We further demonstrate how this framework can be used to develop tools and methods for supporting strategic decision making for driving the digital transformation in seaports and addressing new economic issues and problems. 相似文献
82.
Eduardo Pablo 《Journal of Business Research》2009,62(9):861-867
This article analyzes the determinants of cross-border M&As in the Latin American region during the period 1998-2004. Using a unique dataset of 868 Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) events, the study focuses attention on the effect of macroeconomic and investor protection conditions in the countries where the companies reside over the likelihood of these companies participating in a cross-border M&A transaction. The study considers the effect of company-specific variables in the likelihood of going cross-border. Univariate analysis and logistic regressions strongly support the idea that better economic and business-friendly conditions in the countries where the target operates, increase the likelihood of cross-border merger. Results show that not only is the business environment in the target country important but also in the bidder country. Lower levels of property rights protection in the acquirer country negatively affect the likelihood of a cross-border deal. Finally, the likelihood of a cross-border merger increases when the target faces higher cost of funding than the acquirer's. 相似文献
83.
Globally aquaculture has been increasing rapidly and already accounts for nearly half of all food fish consumed. For developing countries, which produce 90% of the world’s output, aquaculture is a source of protein, employment, income and of foreign exchange. Southeast Asia is an area which has experienced this “blue revolution”. Total aquaculture output in the region increased from less than two million tonnes in 1990 to more than eight million tonnes in 2006. Moreover, the region’s pace of expansion has accelerated. Annual average growth rates in output from 2000 to 2006 were more than double those from 1990 to 2000. Already more than a quarter of food fish in Southeast Asia comes from aquaculture. 相似文献
84.
In this paper I present conditions, not involving common knowledge of rationality, that lead to (correlated) rationalizability. The basic observation is that, if the actual world belongs to a set of states where the set Z of action profiles is played, everyone is rational and it is mutual knowledge that the action profiles played are in Z, then the actions played at the actual world are rationalizable actions. Alternatively, if at the actual world the support of the conjecture of player i is Di, there is mutual knowledge of: (i) the game being played, (ii) that the players are rational, and (iii) that for every i the support of the conjecture of player i is contained in Di, then every strategy in the support of the conjectures is rationalizable. The results do not require common knowledge of anything and are valid for games with any number of players. 相似文献
85.
Most brand extension studies follow the assumption that brand extensions use the full original parent brand name (e.g., Oral-B tooth brush may extend to Oral-B dental floss). However, some companies use derived brand names in their brand extension strategies (e.g. Nestea Iced Tea). This study explores the advantages and disadvantages of derived brand extensions compared to full name extensions. The study examines the importance of target market effects on the evaluation of both brand extension strategies. Findings support the idea that derived brand names leverage parent brand evaluations and protect parent brand from extension failures. 相似文献
86.
Eduardo Levy Yeyati 《Open Economies Review》2009,20(4):489-507
According to reputation models of sovereign debt, the incentives to repay are proportional to the income insurance benefits
provided by the access to international markets. This paper, however, documents that private net lending to developing countries
exhibits a procyclical or acyclical pattern, contradicting this premise. By contrast, official debt net flows exhibit a countercyclical
patter. In addition, the paper shows that (both current and past) defaults are associated with lower net debt flows. The findings
suggest that, while reputation models may explain the preferred creditor status enjoyed by official lenders, they cannot account
for the presence of sovereign debt markets in developing countries. 相似文献
87.
Eduardo Martinez-Budria Juan Jose Diaz-Hernandez 《International Journal of Production Economics》2011,132(2):251-257
We propose an index of productivity based on a quadratic cost function and developed for discrete data including technical and allocative inefficiency, jointly with technical change and returns to scale, as determinants of Total Factor Productivity. This new index is applied to Spanish stevedoring industry so as to identify the sources of change in the productivity of a multiproductive activity, where some companies do not produce some of the outputs. In this context, the functional quadratic form and the productivity index proposed prove particularly useful. 相似文献
88.
If a health and welfare plan covering retirees faces financial shortfalls, administrators and trustees can fund retiree health benefit payments from a related pension plan that may be in better condition. This method is legal and ethical, but it requires sophisticated accounting techniques for creating an account that provides retiree members with promised benefits while meeting statutory and regulatory requirements. 相似文献
89.
Eduardo L. Giménez 《Economic Theory》2003,21(1):195-204
Summary. This paper argues that the introduction of a short-sale constraint in the Arrow-Radner framework invalidates standard definitions
of complete and incomplete markets. Two threshold values with familiar properties arise in this constrained set-up. If short
sales are not allowed on some security, then financial markets will be incomplete in the standard sense. Beyond a particular
level of the short-sale bound, financial markets are “complete”, since the short-sale constraint is not effective. For intermediate
bounds the distinction between complete and incomplete financial markets is blurred. Although some technical definitions hold,
agents can not fully transfer wealth among states. These intermediate cases, called “technically incomplete markets”, exhibit
interesting welfare properties. For instance, the resulting equilibrium allocations may not be Pareto-dominated by those of
the non-restricted complete markets equilibrium.
Received: November 28, 2000; / revised version: November 9, 2001 相似文献
90.
This article investigates the issue of international portfolio diversification with respect to the three largest financial markets in the world—namely the US, Japan and the UK. In addition to making use of traditional portfolio analysis, we also suggest a procedure to calculate bootstrap correlation coefficients that can take into account the dynamic structure between the markets as measured by bootstrapped causality tests. Weekly data is used. The results from the first approach are supporting international diversification. The bootstrapped causality tests provide additional empirical support for this conclusion since the size of the causal effects is negligible and the bootstrap correlations are similar as the standard ones. 相似文献