全文获取类型
收费全文 | 991篇 |
免费 | 38篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 198篇 |
工业经济 | 58篇 |
计划管理 | 204篇 |
经济学 | 181篇 |
综合类 | 14篇 |
运输经济 | 16篇 |
旅游经济 | 39篇 |
贸易经济 | 219篇 |
农业经济 | 42篇 |
经济概况 | 44篇 |
邮电经济 | 14篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 38篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 35篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 23篇 |
2014年 | 33篇 |
2013年 | 143篇 |
2012年 | 35篇 |
2011年 | 36篇 |
2010年 | 32篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 25篇 |
2006年 | 38篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 24篇 |
2003年 | 20篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1029条查询结果,搜索用时 267 毫秒
41.
42.
Accurate estimation of the equity premium (the expected difference between the returns to a well-diversified stock market portfolio and a riskfree asset) is of central importance in many applications of finance theory including project appraisal and portfolio selection. The standard approach is to take the average observed excess returns to the market over some recent time period (sometimes referred to as the ex post equity premium) and apply this as an unbiased estimate of the ex ante equity premium. The paper reviews the problems associated with such an approach and contrasts it with alternative theoretical techniques. 相似文献
43.
Simon French Corresponding author Tim Bedford Elizabeth Atherton 《Journal of Risk Research》2013,16(3):207-223
Current guidance in the UK and elsewhere indicate upper and target risk limits for the operation of nuclear plant in terms of individual risk per annum. ‘As low as reasonably practicable’ (ALARP) arguments are used to justify the acceptance or rejection of policies that lead to risk changes between these limits. The suitability of cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) and multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) are assessed for performing ALARP (‘as low as reasonably possible’) assessments, in particular within the nuclear industry. Four problems stand out in current CBA applications to ALARP, concerning the determination of prices of safety gains or detriments, the valuation of group and individual risk, calculations using ‘disproportionality’, and the use of discounting to trade‐off risks through time. This last point has received less attention in the past but is important because of the growing interest in risk‐informed regulation in which policies extend over several timeframes and distribute the risk unevenly over these, or in policies that lead to a nonuniform risk within a single timeframe (such as maintenance policies). The problems associated with giving quantitative support to such decisions are discussed. It is argued that multiattribute utility methods (MAUT) provide an alternative methodology to CBA which enable the four problems described above to be addressed in a more satisfactory way. Through sensitivity analysis MAUT can address the perceptions of all stakeholder groups, facilitating constructive discussion and elucidating the key points of disagreement. It is also argued that by being explicitly subjective it provides an open, auditable and clear analysis in contrast to the illusory objectivity of CBA. CBA seeks to justify a decision by using a common basis for weights (prices), while MAUT recognizes that different parties may want to give different valuations. It then allows the analyst to explore the ways in which different parties might (or might not) come to the same conclusion even when weighting items differently. 相似文献
44.
John C. Kingswood Paola Nasuti Keyur Patel Melissa Myland Vathani Siva Elizabeth Gray 《Journal of medical economics》2016,19(12):1116-1126
Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multi-system genetic disorder in which renal manifestations occur in ~50% of children and 80% of adults. Since these often present alongside other manifestations, renal TSC is likely to incur significant costs. This study aims to quantify healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs for renal TSC patients in the UK.Methods: TSC patients in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked to Hospital Episodes Statistics were identified from January 1987–June 2013. Clinical data were extracted over the entire history and costs were reported over the most recent 3-year period. HCRU was compared with a matched comparator cohort. Incremental costs were reported and the key cost drivers by primary manifestation category were identified by regression modeling.Results: A total of 79 renal TSC patients were identified with manifestations including chronic kidney disease stage 3–5 (with prevalence increasing with age) and renal angiomyolipoma. Renal TSC patients consistently reported greater HCRU than the comparator. Inpatient hospitalizations were more frequent for renal TSC patients (3.2 vs 1.6), but length of stay was comparable; however, 70.9% of renal TSC patients recorded no kidney-related procedures ever and averaged <1 test per year in the 3-year period. Average costs for renal TSC patients were nearly 3-fold greater than the comparator (£15,162 vs £5672). Costs increased with additional manifestation categories (£3600: only renal; £27,531: renal with ≥4 additional manifestation categories [25% of patients]). Additional nervous system and dermatology/psychiatric manifestations significantly (p?0.028) affected costs.Conclusions: Renal TSC patients have greater HCRU than the general CPRD population, likely to result from progression of renal disease and additional manifestations; however, surveillance for disease progression appears to be deficient. Inadequate monitoring may contribute to a lack of co-ordinated care and increased healthcare-associated costs. Efforts should be made to follow the TSC guidelines to effectively monitor and treat patients. 相似文献
45.
Jennifer A. Jones Elizabeth A. Castillo 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》2017,22(4):e1584
Fundraisers play a vital role in the success of nonprofit organizations, yet relatively little is known about the experiences, motivations, and thought processes that inform their career choice and development. This exploratory, cross-comparative case study of 3 fundraisers addresses this gap in the literature by examining some formative influences on fundraisers' careers, their professional growth aspirations and opportunities, and how, if at all, they engage in personal philanthropy. Results suggest that fundraisers' aptitudes, skills, and abilities may influence their career choice more than a sense of connection to the nonprofit sector or organizational mission. Further, fundraisers seek opportunities to exercise leadership at the individual, organizational, and community levels. Additionally, their personal philanthropy and social embeddedness play integral roles in their professional development. Although not large enough for generalization, these results suggest the need to study fundraisers holistically, including their psychological development and social embeddedness over time. We argue for the need to move beyond traditional marketing and public relations perspectives to explain fundraising. Instead, future studies should adopt a service-dominant logic framing that considers fundraisers as part of a larger philanthropic ecosystem. We conclude with several questions to guide future studies toward this line of inquiry. 相似文献
46.
Elizabeth A. Rainsbury Michael E. Bradbury Steven F. Cahan 《Accounting & Business Research》2013,43(5):393-408
This study investigates demand and supply characteristics associated with firms that voluntarily established audit committees meeting ‘best practice’ membership guidelines. We focus on a set of best practice criteria rather than on the separate elements of the best practice criteria as in past studies. We conduct our tests using a sample of New Zealand listed companies that, relative to firms in other capital markets, are smaller and have more concentrated ownership. This setting differs from prior research because we expect the costs of voluntarily achieving best practice to be reasonably high. The results show that demand factors are not significantly related to the presence of an audit committee that conforms with best practice membership guidelines. However, supply factors (i.e. those firms with larger and more independent boards) are more likely to form audit committees that meet best practice. These results suggest that compliance costs will be greater for firms with smaller and less independent boards of directors if they are required to comply with best practice requirements. 相似文献
47.
Hee Sun Park Elizabeth Dalsey Youngyoul Fred Kang Seoyeon Hong Seungcheol Austin Lee 《Asia Pacific Journal of Management》2012,29(1):169-189
The current study investigated Korean smokers’ and non-smokers’ evaluations of an organization implementing a policy which
either mandated or recommended that employees quit smoking. Undergraduates (n = 268) were randomly assigned to one of 2 (high vs. low severity of smoke-free policy implementation) × 2 (high vs. low organizational
assistance) conditions and indicated their attraction to a hypothetical organization, posing as job applicants. The findings
showed that non-smoking individuals’ perception of organizational support was more strongly and positively related to organizational
attraction when they were more likely to endorse employers’ right to control employee smoking behaviors. Ex-smokers indicated
greater attraction toward the organization when it was described as implementing a high severity policy than a low severity
policy. Non-smokers indicated greater attraction toward the organization when it was described as offering a high level of
assistance than a low level of assistance for smokers’ cessation efforts. These and other findings concerning individuals’
perception of severity, perception of organizational support, smoking sensitivity, and employer control are presented in detail,
and the implications thereof are discussed. 相似文献
48.
49.
50.
Harry Irwin Elizabeth More Mike McGrath 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2013,25(4):467-481
Individuals make decisions about whether innovations are adopted and transferred to new uses or locations. This Paper argues that relational competence Is critical for innovation management and technology transfer and that personal communication, formal and informal, is the core component in such competence. It shows how “close ties” and communication are critical to innovation, particularly given the changing nature and role of technolop management in the context o f rapidly increasing globalization. This is illustrated with reference to the communication in he mindset and practice of technology partnering in Australia's participation in the aerospace and telecommunications industries. 相似文献