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101.
This paper investigates the relationship between performance evaluation procedures and managerial perceptions of procedural justice. We examine two metric and two process characteristics. Metric characteristics are the diversity of metrics used by superiors and their reliance on outcome vs. effort metrics. Regarding process characteristics, we analyse the amount of subordinate's voice in the performance evaluation process, and the extent of formalization of the process. Using uncertainty management theory, we argue that justice effects of performance evaluation procedures may not be direct but are instead conditional on the amount of task uncertainty managers face in the their job context as well as on managers’ tolerance for ambiguity. Using a sample of 178 managers from the banking industry, we find that all four performance evaluation characteristics are related to justice perceptions, yet their effect depends on the level of task uncertainty and tolerance for ambiguity. These findings explain some inconsistencies in extant studies on fairness of performance evaluation procedures. 相似文献
102.
Car ownership is generally considered an important variable in car travel behaviour research, but its specific role is often not well understood. Certain empirical studies consider car ownership as the dependent variable explained by the built environment, whereas other studies deem it to be one of the independent variables explaining car travel behaviour. This paper takes note of the dual influence car ownership has in explaining car travel behaviour by assuming that car ownership mediates the relationship between the built environment and car use. The relationship is estimated using a structural equation model since it accounts for mediating variables. This approach confirms the intermediary nature of car ownership. 相似文献
103.
Communication Quality in Business Negotiations 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The quality of a business negotiation process is usually assessed by its economic outcome, e.g. in terms of Pareto efficiency
or distance to Nash equilibrium. We argue that this assessment method is insufficient in that it fails to provide a comprehensive
analysis of business negotiations. Negotiators engage in highly complex communication tasks, and these communication processes
should be analysed along with the outcome in the overall evaluation of a business negotiation. To this end, we will introduce
Communication Quality as a new construct for analyzing the negotiation process. Furthermore, it will be argued that Communication
Quality itself can affect economic negotiation outcomes both short- and long-term. We will present relevant aspects of Communication
Quality, outline a scheme for its operationalisation and measurement, and discuss its probable impacts on business negotiations. 相似文献
104.
With very few exceptions the accepted viewpoint established by (predominantly) US research is that bank operating performance is not improved after merger. In this article we concentrate on European banks and investigate post-merger operating performance for 35 publicly listed bank mergers that were completed between 1992 and 1997. We find that industry-adjusted mean cash flow return did not significantly change after merger but stayed positive. We also find that the merger led to a significant decrease in profitability and capitalisation. Our key finding, in contrast to the US evidence, is that cost-efficiency ratios improved, although the improvement was not large enough to offset the profitability decrease. We also find that low profitability levels, conservative credit policies and good cost-efficiency status before merger are the main determinants of industry-adjusted cash flow returns and provide the source for improving these returns after merger. 相似文献
105.
Alexander E. Ellinger Malini Natarajarathinam Frank G. Adams J. Brian Gray Debra Hofman Kevin O’Marah 《Journal of Business Logistics》2011,32(3):214-226
Supply chain management (SCM) plays a major role in creating (or destroying) shareholder value by influencing the three major drivers of firm financial performance: revenue, operating costs, and working capital. Yet, the relationship between SCM competency and firm financial performance is not well‐established. Drawing on the resource‐based view of the firm, this study assesses this relationship using Delphi‐style opinion data from AMR Research’s Supply Chain Top 25 rankings to assess SCM competency and Altman’s (1968) Z‐score statistic as the measure of financial success. The study findings show that firms recognized by industry experts for SCM competency have significantly higher Z‐scores than their close competitors and industry averages. 相似文献
106.
In this paper, we consider an environment where individual actions have externalities and two types of agents exist: agents with social preferences (the good) and selfish agents. Selfish agents have pay‐off functions that do not take into account social welfare. The pay‐off of an agent is a linear combination of social welfare and the pay‐off of a selfish agent. We demonstrate that the corrective tax rates that maximize social welfare do not depend on the degree of social preferences. Hence, the good and the selfish should not be taxed differently. 相似文献
107.
As the relative effectiveness of physical resources decreases toward parity with rivals due to their fungibility, the firm's marketplace position, established by managers with a particular set of inter-culturally attuned set of personal values, may be the key antecedent in creating competitive strength in the firm. The research question addressed is how creative are culturally diverse managers; are managers from certain countries more creative than adaptive?We tested hypotheses in a cross-cultural setting based on the survey responses of 1365 managers operating in eight countries located in four culturally diverse regions of the world.Our study shows that managers are both creative and adaptive but the mixture of creative and adaptive behaviour varies depending on region and country and even within countries. Furthermore, the results confirm that creativity among managers in some countries is similar but large differences also exist between countries. 相似文献
108.
Regional corn yield models incorporating stochastic trends, prices and weather variables are estimated. Hypothesis tests suggest yield variability has increased because of an increase in error variance and an increase in weather-related effects. Decomposition of the error variance shows much of its increase is due to an increased correlaion between regional yields. 相似文献
109.
Falling to recognize the unique need and desire of salespeople, the sales manager tends to allocate supervisory time according to the amount of his or her past selling experience. This time allocation results in either the excessive or insufficient supervision of sales personnel. This article describes a process of arriving at a more optimum allocation of supervisory time. 相似文献
110.
Frank E. Nothaft George H. K. Wang 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》1992,5(2):219-234
We model the ARM share of mortgage lending and provide several unique contributions to the mortgage choice literature. First, we motivate the use of the price spread between fixed- and adjustable-rate credit as a regressor by constraining the effect of FRM and ARM prices to be symmetric and show that the data support this restriction. Second, our data span a far longer time period (six years) than previous research. Third, we estimate separate share equations by region, allowing us to contrast geographic variation in ARM shares. Fourth, we examine the effect of convertible ARMs—which became prevalent in mid-1987—on overall ARM lending. 相似文献