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41.
Jean Gabszewicz 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(4):323-343
This paper explores (i) the incentives for an incumbent firm to acquire an entrant willing to sell a product innovation rather than openly competing with this entrant, and (ii) in case of acquisition, the incentives to sell simultaneously both the existing products and the new one rather than specializing on a single variant. We prove that, in some circumstances, an incumbent firm can find it profitable to make an acquisition proposal to the entrant. Nevertheless, in this acquisition scenario, a product proliferation strategy is never observed at equilibrium. Furthermore, while being available for sale, sometimes the innovation simply remains unexploited. 相似文献
42.
We analyze capital requirements if banks compete for loans and deposits. Banks and firms are subject to a risk-shifting problem. The ambiguous effect of competition on banks’ risk-taking translates into an ambiguous effect of capital requirements on financial stability. 相似文献
43.
The common principal components model for several groups of multivariate observations is a useful parsimonious model for the
scatter structure which assumes equal principal axes but different variances along those axes for each group. Due to the lack
of resistance of the classical maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters of this model, several robust estimators have
been proposed in the literature: plug-in estimators and projection-pursuit (PP) type estimators. In this paper, we show that
it is possible to improve the low efficiency of the projection-pursuit estimators by applying a reweighting step. More precisely,
we consider plug-in estimators obtained by plugging a reweighted estimator of the scatter matrices into the maximum likelihood
equations defining the principal axes. The weights considered penalize observations with large values of the influence measures
defined by Boente et al. (2002). The new estimators are studied in terms of theoretical properties (influence functions and
asymptotic variances) and are compared with other existing estimators in a simulation study. 相似文献
44.
Isabel Faeth 《Journal of economic surveys》2009,23(1):165-196
Abstract. This paper presents a review of nine theoretical models of foreign direct investment (FDI). Discussed are early studies of determinants of FDI (1) as well as determinants of FDI based on the neoclassical trade theory (2), ownership advantages (3), aggregate variables (4), the ownership, location and internalization advantage framework (5), horizontal and vertical FDI models (6), the knowledge-capital model (7), diversified FDI and risk diversification models (8) and policy variables (9). From each of the nine theories, the relevant determinants of FDI are derived. Empirical studies indicate the importance of these determinants in the real world. The paper shows that there is not one single theory of FDI, but a variety of theoretical models attempting to explain FDI and the location decision of multinational firms. Therefore, any analysis of determinants of FDI should not be based on a single theoretical model. Instead, FDI should be explained more broadly by a combination of factors from a variety of theoretical models such as ownership advantages or agglomeration economics, market size and characteristics, cost factors, transport costs, protection, risk factors and policy variables. 相似文献
45.
An extended version of the S. Beveridge and C. R. Nelson (1981) decomposition and a latent variable approach are used to examine how the noise content, and therefore the informativeness, of four aluminum prices that have been quoted at various times since 1970—the (now defunct) U.S. producer price, a transactions price reported in a trade journal, and the LME and Comex exchange prices. It was found that the start of aluminum futures trading in 1978 resulted in greater price transparency in the sense that the information content of transactions prices increased. LME prices quickly came to be more informative than published transactions prices. Although the initial Comex aluminum contract failed to attract liquidity and had low information content, the 1999 contract, trading currently, is as transparent as the LME contract. © 2005Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:967–988, 2005 相似文献
46.
47.
This paper introduces new measures of the mean and variance of inflation and growth expectations, based on tendency survey data from four major European economies. The expectations measures are technically ‘irrational’, but more accurate than naive alternatives; expectations errors do not persist for more than a year. Unexpected inflation, and uncertainties about inflation and growth, play the roles assigned them by New Classical macroeconomic theory, respectively raising and lowering real activity. All the expectations, uncertainties and errors appear more closely correlated across countries than experience would justify, suggesting that unpredictable disturbances typically have an internal rather than an international origin. 相似文献
48.
Isabel Corts‐Jimnez 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2008,10(2):127-139
Recently, the attention given to the importance of tourism in economic growth has significantly increased. However, research in this area mainly refers to international tourism and to the national level. This paper focuses on the influence of tourism on the economic growth of Spanish and Italian regions. Both international and domestic tourism are analysed and geographical location criteria are considered. Dynamic panel data techniques are applied. The results reveal that both international and domestic tourism have a significant and positive role for regional economic growth in Spain and Italy, although the pattern of these effects differs among different types of region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
49.
This paper analyzes the role of default risk in the momentum effect focusing on data from four developed European stock markets (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom). Using a market‐based measure of default risk, we show that it is not the hidden factor behind this effect. While the loser portfolio is characterized by high default risk, small size, high book‐to‐market and illiquidity, characterization of the winner portfolio is somewhat more complex. Given that the momentum strategy is the return differential between the winners and the losers, factors such as the stock market cycle or the evolution of momentum portfolios against their reference point make momentum profits difficult to forecast. 相似文献
50.
Oscar De la Torre Torres Mª Isabel Martínez Torre Enciso 《Contaduría y Administración》2017,62(1):222-238
The present paper continues the firsts reviews made to socially responsible investment in Mexico. We extended these reviews by using a non-parametric multivariate equality test, along with a multi-factor market cap model, and a Monte Carlo simulation. Our results show that the IPCS index, the IPCcomp and the IPC have a statistically equal mean-variance performance, suggesting that this sort of investment style (SRI) is a good substitute of the broad market investment style in the long term. Among the causes of this finding is the fact that the IPCS and the IPCcomp indexes have almost the same large and small cap stock concentration and the IPC index (a large-cap one) is not as diversified and mean-variance efficient as the former. 相似文献