Overcoming Institutional Voids: A Reputation‐Based View of Long‐Run Survival

Research summary : Emerging markets are characterized by underdeveloped institutions and frequent environmental shifts. Yet, they also contain many firms that have survived over generations. How are firms in weak institutional environments able to persist over time? Motivated by 69 interviews with leaders of emerging market firms with histories spanning generations, we combine induction and deduction to propose reputation as a meta‐resource that allows firms to activate their conventional resources. We conceptualize reputation as consisting of prominence, perceived quality, and resilience, and develop a process model that illustrates the mechanisms that allow reputation to facilitate survival in ways that persist over time. Building on research in strategy and business history, we thus shed light on an underappreciated strategic construct (reputation) in an undertheorized setting (emerging markets) over an unusual period (the historical long run). Managerial summary : Why are some firms able to persistently survive in challenging, uncertain, and underdeveloped business environments? To explore this question, we analyze in‐depth interviews with leaders of emerging market firms that have survived over decades and even centuries. We find that firm reputation is a key strategic driver, and propose new ideas about the ways through which reputation facilitates survival. We elaborate how a favorable reputation allows a firm to more fully utilize its existing resources by decreasing uncertainty. We also propose that reputation has offensive and defensive properties that make it valuable to firms during both positive and negative economic cycles. Finally, we discuss why a reputation‐based source of competitive advantage is hard to imitate, and outline three general approaches for building reputation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

旅游与发展:一个分析框架的形成与演变

20世纪50年代后半个多世纪的旅游研究是建立在发展话语体系之中的,在理论化的前沿,发展成为解释旅游现象的指导性概念;在实践中和学术界,旅游代表了获得发展的有效手段.在发展思想影响下,对旅游的研究相应地经历了20世纪五六十年代以经济增长为中心的早期研究、70年代到80年代中期功能主义的旅游影响研究和20世纪80年代中期以后全面发展的分析研究3个不同时期.不同领域的研究者在各个时期从各自的专业角度贡献着自己的思想,使旅游与发展的分析框架逐步形成,并成为当代多数旅游研究无论研究尺度大小和方法异同都脱离不了的共同范式.这一范式是对旅游现象和发展问题进行理解和分析,对旅游研究的状况进行认识和把握的基本框架.     

场所依赖(place attachment):一种游憩行为现象的研究框架

"场所依赖"理论是解释"某些地方与人之间似乎存在着一种特殊的依赖关系"这个客观现象的有效理论工具,并已成为西方休闲和游憩研究的一个热点,而在我国仍然处于空白状态.本文讨论了场所和场所依赖的概念及其发展,介绍了西方场所依赖研究的最新进展.文章的主要贡献包括:(1)首次将以游憩为角度开展研究的场所依赖理论引进我国;(2)用数学方法示意理解场所依赖的结构;(3)构建了场所依赖理论的CDEEM研究框架.文章还探讨了场所依赖理论的应用前景.     

Varieties of CSR: Institutions and Socially Responsible Behaviour

A central concern within contemporary socio-economics has been on the relationship between national institutional configurations and societal outcomes. In this paper, we assess the relationship between legal origin and a range of correlated indicators of social responsibility, focusing on socially responsible investing and voluntary charitable giving. We found that in Common Law contexts, lower levels of social responsibility than in Civil Law contexts, other than in the area of charitable giving, where the converse was the case. We explore the reasons for this distinction, and for the different patterns encountered in post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe. Based on the findings, we identify directions for future research.     

Evaluating off‐site environmental mitigation using choice modelling*

Evaluation of off‐site mitigation entails comparison of utility changes between two sites. Choice modelling has been used to identify community willingness to trade‐off attributes for two different types of stream in New Zealand. Estimated utility functions are used to derive marginal rates of substitution and stream attribute part worths which can be used to design or evaluate both on‐site and off‐site mitigation policy. Latent class multinomial logit models identified classes of citizens who valued stream attributes quite differently. Significant differences in values for some attributes on different stream types imply heterogeneous mitigation ratios across environmental attributes.     

Age misreporting: An empirical investigation using the New Zealand contingents in the Second Boer War

This is a first focused examination of age misreporting in military recruitment. We take advantage of an original dataset comprised of New Zealand military personnel records in the Second Boer War matched with birth historical records. First, we find that age misrepresentation is common: about one third of soldiers on our dataset misreport their ages. Second, we find that soldiers the estimated age-specific mean heights do not change significantly when we change from using reported ages to using true ages. Researchers can prioritise the investigation of true ages on those reporting to be 21 or younger.     

Sex and Selling: Agent Gender and Bargaining Power in the Resale Housing Market

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics - This paper uses a search model with Nash bargaining to identify various channels through which agent gender affects selling price and selling time...