导游词创作中应遵循的四项基本原则

随着导游“资格证书”及“等级证书”制度的实施,广大导游员只有认真钻研业务知识才能满足旅游大众对导游讲解水平日益提高的要求。因而导游词的创作正逐渐受到旅行社及广大导游员的重视。一篇正确、清晰、生动、通俗的导游词,经过导游员的传播,可以使游客感到旅游生活妙趣横生,对旅游目的地留下经久难忘的印象。     

Rural Population Growth, 1950–1990: The Roles of Human Capital, Industry Structure, and Government Policy

Human capital raises rural incomes, but this effect is swamped by higher returns to human capital in urban markets. This leads to "brain drain" from rural areas. Populations grow more rapidly in rural counties that have a diversified employment base. Farm population grows faster (or declines more slowly) in counties with relatively high farm income, and nonfarm populations grow faster in counties with relatively high nonfarm income. However, higher farm incomes lead to slower nonfarm population growth and vice versa. Rural county government services financed by local taxes or debt have neutral or negative effects on population growth.     

我的经济理论研究简要回顾

文章简要回顾作者自党的十一届三中全会以来在经济理论研究中的一些观点,涉及生产力、生产关系、私营经济的发展、经济体制改革、市场调节、社会主义市场经济的内涵、国有企业改革、经济增长与发展、劳动价值理论等不同内容,以期与广大经济理论研究者分享。     

六西格玛呼唤管理“软”环境

六西格玛管理在GE的成功运用。受到学术界与企业界的广泛关注，被喻为韦尔奇的“制胜法宝”。我国许多企业也争相研究这一管理模式，但是六西格玛不仅仅是一个管理工具，更重要的是一种管理理念，中国企业如果要推行六西格玛管理，需要首先塑造与之相适应的“软环境”。     

供应链管理绩效评价及激励机制

本文通过分析供应链管理的特点、目标和内容，提出供应链管理绩效评价指标体系，其中矩阵指标具有一定的创新，且较好地反映了供应链企业之间的复杂关系。介绍了确定供应链管理的绩效指标值的两种方法，并分析了供应链管理六种激励模式。     

福建国有外贸企业面临的形势分析及发展战略措施研究

当前,福建国有外贸企业的经营发展环境正面临深刻变化,机遇与挑战并存,优势与制约同在.因此,福建国有外贸企业要想在对外开放的新格局中,取得进一步发展,就必须在充分认识自身存在问题的基础上,利用和发挥已有的优势,理清思路,正确定位,采取积极的战略措施,把握新机遇,增创新优势.     

拖拉机总装流水线的时间平衡

本文联系拖拉机总装配的实际,阐述了装配线时间平衡的做法及其所可取得的显著的经济效益。     

VARIANCE BOUND TESTS OF BOND MARKET EFFICIENCY

In this paper we examine variance bound tests of the joint hypothesis that (1) bond markets are efficient and (2) the term structure is determined by the expectations hypothesis. Both the Singleton and Shiller tests are shown to be seriously biased toward rejecting the joint hypothesis in finite samples. Flavin's test is unbiased but has a very high variance leading to many false rejections of the joint hypothesis. When corrected as suggested by Flavin, Shiller's test is unbiased and has a relatively low variance. Unfortunately, it is also sensitive to measurement error.     

The approach to transforming the traditional agricultural economy: a research on the multiple paths of poverty alleviation and transformation in rural China

Transforming a traditional agricultural economy into a modern economy is one of the main themes in economic development. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper finds out that the key to transformation is to raise the economic value of people, to improve human capital investment and to match the stocks of physical and human capital. China’s rural economy is on the edge of economic take-off, and different zones may pursue different paths for transformation. The source of rural poverty is not the scarcity of income or consumption, but the deficiency of education, social security, medical care and economic opportunity, which we define as “capability poverty”. __________ Translated from The Journal of World Economy (世界经济), 2005,(2) (in Chinese)     

Got milk? The rapid rise of China’s dairy sector and its future prospects

This paper synthesizes recent research and new empirical findings to build a more comprehensive understanding of developments in China’s dairy sector. China’s tremendous rise in dairy demand has been driven by several mutually reinforcing factors: including rapid income growth, promotion by the government and dairy industry, changes in urban lifestyles, and the development of new, more sophisticated marketing channels. Domestic milk output has grown to satisfy rising demand largely by increasing the dairy herd. Substantial increases in productivity have been achieved through technology adoption, but there is evidence that the torrid growth has created inefficiencies because adaptations to marketing rules, infrastructure, and institutions have not kept pace with the changing environment. These results suggest there is ample room for future growth in both domestic milk production and dairy demand, but multinational firms and imported products will likely play and increasing role as China’s dairy market continues to develop.