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51.
There is a growing need to increase our understanding of ethical decision making in U.S. based organizations. The authors examine the complexity of creating uniform ethical standards even when the meaning of ethical behavior is being debated. The nature of these controversies are considered, and three important dimensions for ethical decision making are discussed: leaders with integrity and a strong sense of social responsibility, organization cultures that foster dialogue and dissent, and organizations that are willing to reflect on and learn from their actions. Leaders with integrity demonstrate consistency between vision and action that promotes trust, regularly concern themselves with developing moral standards, and are proactive agents of change in an increasingly complex world. Organizational cultures that support dialogue suspend judgments and increase their capacity to think together towards new levels of understanding. Ethical concepts evolve in these organizational cultures, and actions are informed and responsible. Organizations that reflect on their actions engage in double loop learning so that the time taken to reflect on the past and present leads to a more judicious and ethical future. In essence, the authors point to organizational guidelines for ethical decision making that lead to an increase in members' capacity to think and act ethically.
Jonathan Z. Gottlieb is a consultant to organizations and a Ph.D. Candidate in Organizational Psychology. His interests include organization redesign, leadership and team development, ethics, and role definition for organization development practitioners.
Jyotsna Sanzgiri is Dean of Organizational Psychology Programs at the California School of Professional Psychology — Alameda. She received her Ph.D. in business Administration and her M.B.A. Her interests include organizational theory and core values across cultures, and the historical underpinnings of organization development and behavior. 相似文献
52.
Jonathan B. King 《Journal of Business Ethics》1993,12(2):105-116
Three general types of problems entail different strategies. Continuing to seek solutions to tame problems when we face messes, let alone wicked problems, is potentially catastrophic hence fundamentally irresponsible. In our turbulent times, it is therefore becoming a strategic necessity to learn how to solve the right problems.
Jonathan King is Associate Professor of Management at the College of Business at Oregon State University. His primary research interests are in the areas of moral philosophy and modern technology. His most important publications are Confronting Chaos and Common Knowledge of the Second Kind,Journal of Business Ethics (1989). 相似文献But then, you may agree that it becomes morally objectionable for the planner to treat a wicked problem as though it were a tame one, or to tame a wicked problem prematurely, or to refuse to recognize the inherent wickedness of social problems. Rittel and Webber (1973).
53.
This paper presents a theoretical elaboration of the ethical framework of classical capitalism as formulated by Adam Smith in reaction to the dominant mercantilism of his day. It is seen that Smith's project was profoundly ethical and designed to emancipate the consumer from a producer and state dominated economy. Over time, however, the various dysfunctions of a capitalist economy — e.g., concentration of wealth, market power — became manifest and the utilitarian ethical basis of the system eroded. Contemporary capitalism, dominated as it is by large corporations, entrenched political interests and persistent social pathologies, bears little resemblance to the system which Smith envisioned would serve the common man. Most critiques of capitalism are launched from a Marxian-based perspective. We find, however, that by illustrating the wide gap between the reality of contemporary capitalism and the model of amoral political economy developed by Smith, the father of capitalism proves to be the most trenchant critic of the current order.G. R. Bassiry is currently professor of Management and international business at California State University, San Bernardino, California. Formerly he served as Vice President and Acting President of Farabi University. His most recent articles on business ethics include Ethics, Education, and Corporate Leadership,Journal of Business Ethics and Business Ethics and the United Nations: A Code of Conduct,Sam Advanced Management Journal. He has also published numerous journal articles on international business, corporate strategy and corporate leadership, and is the author ofPower vs. Profit by Arno Press of New York Times.Marc Jones is a management lecturer at the University of Otago, New Zealand. His research interests include multinational corporations and economic development. He has worked as a financial analyst for Electronic Data Systems Corporation and as a management consultant for Peat Marwick Main & Company. 相似文献
54.
C. S. Jones 《Financial Accountability and Management》2002,18(2):163-188
This paper describes an empirical study, conducted in three acute hospitals, of the attitudes of central managers, medical managers and clinicians towards the adoption of benchmarking. Benchmarking was portrayed in The New NHS White Paper (1997) as an important means of improving efficiency over the next decade. The present paper examines the context of change and nature of benchmarking. Findings are presented in seven sections including: the understanding which respondents had of benchmarking; their willingness to be involved in benchmarking; the existence of strategies and policies for implementing benchmarking; the relevance of existing costing information; and the role of networks in facilitating benchmarking. The study concludes that the process of change adopted contradicted most of the factors associated with creating receptivity to change. Also, that the publication of the National Reference Costs seemed to have more relevance to resource planning at central National Health Service Management Executive level, than to effecting improvements at operational level in acute hospitals. 相似文献
55.
This study investigates the impact of acquisitions on the operating performance of Australian firms. For a sample of 36 Australian acquisitions occurring between 1986 to 1991 inclusive, and using matched firms to control for industry and economy-wide factors, the results based on four accrual and four cash flow performance measures show that corporate acquisitions do not lead to significant improvements in post-acquisition operating performance. The consistency of the results with the agency, the hubris and the financial motivation hypotheses suggests that corporate acquisitions in Australia may be undertaken for other than synergistic reasons. The results assist in explaining inconsistent findings reported in the literature. 相似文献
56.
57.
High-Water Marks and Hedge Fund Management Contracts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William N. Goetzmann Jonathan E. Ingersoll Stephen A. Ross 《The Journal of Finance》2003,58(4):1685-1718
Incentive fees for money managers are frequently accompanied by high‐water mark provisions that condition the payment of the performance fee upon exceeding the previously achieved maximum share value. In this paper, we show that hedge fund performance fees are valuable to money managers, and conversely, represent a claim on a significant proportion of investor wealth. The high‐water mark provisions in these contracts limit the value of the performance fees. We provide a closed‐form solution to the cost of the high‐water mark contract under certain conditions. Our results provide a framework for valuation of a hedge fund management company. 相似文献
58.
We apply the modified rescaled range test to the return series of 1,952 common stocks. The results indicate that long memory is not a widespread characteristic of these stocks. But logit models of the event of a test rejection reveal that rejections are linked to firms with large risk-adjusted average returns. The maximal moment of a return distribution is also found to influence the event of a rejection, but not in a way suggestive of moment-condition failure. Evidence suggestive of survivorship bias is also uncovered. We conclude that there is some evidence consistent with persistent long memory in the returns of a small proportion of stocks. 相似文献
59.
Geoffrey K. Turnbull Jonathan Dombrow 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2006,32(4):391-408
In search markets, greater spatial concentration of sellers increases price competition. At the same time, though, a greater
concentration of sellers can create a shopping externality by attracting more buyers to the site. Using housing sales data,
we test for spatial competition and shopping externality effects on prices and marketing time. We find that they reflect both
competitive and shopping externality effects from surrounding houses, although the relative strength varies with how fresh
the house is in the market, the freshness of surrounding houses, and the phase of the market cycle. New listings have the
strongest shopping externality effect on neighboring houses that have been on the market for some time. Vacant houses have
their strongest competition effects in the declining market and externality effects in the rising market. Fresh houses on
the market reap little benefit from shopping externalities in all phases of the market cycle. 相似文献
60.
Alister Jones Judy Moreland 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2004,14(2):121-140
This paper describes the frameworks and cognitive tools that have been developed to enhance practising teachers' pedagogical
content knowledge in primary school technology education. The frameworks evolved from our research that firstly examined existing
teaching practices, secondly enhanced formative interactions and thirdly enhanced summative assessment strategies. The evidence
gained over the three years demonstrated how the effective use of frameworks could be utilised to enhance teacher pedagogical
content knowledge (PCK). How we see learning is of prime importance in examining the development of teacher pedagogical content
knowledge. A sociocultural view of learning is taken where human mental processes are situated within their historical, cultural
and institutional setting. In the research project we strongly emphasised the need for teachers to build a knowledge base
for teaching technology. Critical aspects identified as enhancing PCK included: negotiated intervention, planning frameworks,
reflection on case studies, workshops and support in classrooms, appropriate resources, teacher agreement meetings, portfolios
of student work and summative profiles. The increased PCK resulted in: enhanced teacher knowledge about technology including
the nature of technology, areas of technology and specific technological knowledge, changed pedagogical approaches, enhanced
teacher student interaction, refinement of appropriate learning outcomes, critical decision making, improved teacher confidence,
and enhanced student learning. Seven characteristics or features of pedagogical content knowledge that we believe are important
for effective teaching and learning in technology are presented.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献