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61.
62.
Julio Dávila 《Economic Theory》1997,10(3):483-495
Summary. In this paper, I study the existence of Sunspot Equilibria in a general framework whose dynamics allow for the presence of
predetermined variables in the system. The main motivation for this research comes from the fact that previous studies did
not allow for such predetermined variables which, nevertheless, appear quite naturally in economic models. I show, for a non-negligible
subset of dynamics with predetermined variables verifying usual assumptions, the existence of Stationary Sunspot Equilibria
fluctuating between an arbitrary finite number of states arbitrarily close to a steady state.
Received: March 1, 1995; revised version September 18, 1996 相似文献
63.
The different faces of coupon elasticity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Coupons account for over two-thirds of all consumer promotional efforts initiated by the manufacturers of consumer goods. In this study, the impact of coupons on brand sales is investigated and how that impact decays over the life of the coupon is demonstrated. Specifically, we present an econometric model that can capture coupon effects in terms of equivalent price reduction, account for coupon effects over time, allow inference of coupon effects when retailers decide to double or triple the coupon value, and provide both self-coupon and cross-coupon elasticities at different levels of aggregation. A widely used sales response model is adapted, and an analytical model is proposed to estimate both the self-coupon and cross-coupon (face value) elasticities of sales at the store level. From the store-level elasticity estimates for a given week, the authors analytically derive the coupon elasticities for the chain level by aggregating across stores, and over the life of the coupon by aggregating over time. The proposed sales response model is estimated with the data obtained from three markets for various product categories, and the coupon elasticities are computed. The proposed framework allows one to demonstrate the hypothetical equivalence of a shelf-price reduction for a given coupon face value in each week. Also, the effect of doubling the face value of a coupon results in more than a proportionate increase in elasticity. The authors find that both self and cross-coupon elasticities are much smaller in magnitude than the average self and cross-price elasticity measures reported in the literature. 相似文献
64.
Sancho Salcedo‐Sanz Mario DePrado‐Cumplido María Jesús Segovia‐Vargas Fernando Prez‐Cruz Carlos Bousoo‐Calzn 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》2004,12(4):261-281
We propose two novel approaches for feature selection and ranking tasks based on simulated annealing (SA) and Walsh analysis, which use a support vector machine as an underlying classifier. These approaches are inspired by one of the key problems in the insurance sector: predicting the insolvency of a non‐life insurance company. This prediction is based on accounting ratios, which measure the health of the companies. The approaches proposed provide a set of ratios (the SA approach) and a ranking of the ratios (the Walsh analysis ranking) that would allow a decision about the financial state of each company studied. The proposed feature selection methods are applied to the prediction the insolvency of several Spanish non‐life insurance companies, yielding state‐of‐the‐art results in the tests performed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
65.
This paper examines the competitive characteristics of U.S. manufacturers in the machine tool (MT) industry. After several decades of decline, this industry has recently shown signs of a modest but sustained recovery. Empirical evidence from a national survey of 104 MT producers suggests that the revival of this sector has been driven by a combination of factors, including renewed export involvement, improved customer support, and better product design. Although most MT companies are small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the survey data show that very small SMEs are poorly represented in the recovery thrust of the industry as a whole. Our principal conclusion is that the MT industry has been following an export-led path toward stabilization, but that certain types of small producers are unlikely to thrive for very long. The most serious problems facing small producers include shrinking local markets, import competition, shortages of skilled labor, and cyclical demand. 相似文献
66.
Leo V. Ryan 《Business ethics (Oxford, England)》1995,4(1):36-42
An experienced educationalist comments on the views of top Polish business students on ethics in public life, government and business in modern Poland. The author is Wicklander Professor of Professional Ethics at DePaul University, Chicago, and also served recently as Visiting Fulbright Professor at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland. He is currently President of the Society of Business Ethics in the USA. 相似文献
67.
Borges del Rosal Africa San Luis Concepción Sánchez-Bruno Alfonso 《Quality and Quantity》2003,37(3):303-316
Quality &; Quantity - Cliff (1993) has proposed the use of a measure of effect size alternative to traditionalmean differences: δ {? = Pr(xi1 &;gt; xj2) - Pr(xi1 &;lt; xj2)}which,... 相似文献
68.
Suchismita Mishra Arun J. Prakash Gordon V. Karels Manferd Peterson 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2005,29(1):85-96
The present study empirically examines the contribution of the acquired banks in only the nonconglomerate types of mergers
(i.e., banks with banks), where the bulk of the payment is in the form of equity to the acquiring bank and finds overwhelmingly
statistically significant evidence that nonconglomerate types of mergers definitely reduce the total as well as the unsystematic
risk while having no statistically significant effect on systematic risk. Therefore, it seems that diversification may be
a possible motive for bank mergers. 相似文献
69.
J. Castellano-Paulis A. Hernández-Mendo Verónica Morales-Sánchez M. T. Anguera-Argilaga 《Quality and Quantity》2007,41(1):93-104
We present a probabilistic model based on the one developed by Hernández Mendo and Anguera (Revista de Psicologíca Social,
16(1), 71–93, 2001). Here we have tried to break down the interaction contexts that the opposing teams are able to generate
and transform during the game. We are aware that a given player or team does not produce consistent behaviour in similar situations.
However, a degree of uncertainty is assumed to exist regarding whether the results obtained are a specific function of the
analysis used. In order to carry out this research a category system which optimized that used in the previous model was developed.
This system should enable the interaction between teams to be observed within the actual play of a soccer game. A lag sequential
analysis was performed on the basis of a coding of the behavioural flow. After describing the behavioural patterns obtained
a probabilistic model of the development of play in soccer is proposed. 相似文献
70.
Zusammenfassung Es wird eine optimale Strategie im Sinne des minimalen erwarteten Verlustes für die beiden Entscheidungeny>y
o undyy
o aufgrund der Messungen einer mitY positiv korrelierten, einfacher und/oder billiger zugänglichen ZufallsvariablenX abgeleitet. Dabei wird angenommen, daßX undY nach einer bivariaten Normalverteilung mit bekannten Parametern verteilt sind und die Entscheidungyy
o getroffen wird, wennx größer ist als ein zu bestimmendesx
o, und die Entscheidungy>y
o, wennx gleich oder kleiner als diesesx
o ist. Für die Bestimmung des optimalenx
o werden zunächst die Kosten für die beiden Fehlentscheidungen jeweils als konstant vorausgesetzt, in einem weiteren Ansatz wird jedoch für die Mißklassifikationyy
o eine mity exponentiell wachsende Risikofunktion angenommen. Um die relative Häufigkeit der zu erwartenden Fehlklassifikationen abschätzen zu können, wird schließlich die bedingte WahrscheinlichkeitP(x>x
o,y) errechnet.
Summary An optimal strategy, with minimum expected risk, for the decisionsy>y o oryy o is constructed on the basis of the measurement of a variableX, which is positively correlated withY and can be measured more easily and/or with smaller expense. A bivariate normal distribution with known parameters is assumed forX andY. For the observationsx a limitx o is aimed at, so that the decisionsy>y o oryy o are taken ifx>x orxx o respectively. Optimal values ofx o are first calculated under the assumption of constant losses for the two misclassifications (x>x o ifyy o andxx o ify>y o). In a further approach the loss for a wrong decisionyy o is assumed to increase exponentially withy. Finally the conditional probabilityP (x>x o\y) is calculated to get an assessment of the relative frequencies of wrong decisions to be expected.相似文献