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531.
Recent estimates of the size of the "underground economy" have used the so-called "demand for currency approach." One of the assumptions made by these studies is that official statistics do not take into account the underground economy when estimating GDP. After setting some definitions, the paper presents a brief critical review of the method and results obtained for the European Union using this approach. It points out that the different concepts of unreported and unrecorded activities are incorrectly considered to be equivalent. The third section, after a review of the method of estimating the underground economy using the discrepancy approach, presents the new results of the authors which give an indication of the amount of the unreported activities already included in official national accounts statistics in the EU. The results of the discrepancy approach disprove the widespread belief that official statistics only include officially recorded transactions and reinforce the critical view on the results obtained with the currency-demand approach. 相似文献
532.
533.
Abstract. This paper analyzes the functioning of monetary policy transmission mechanisms in Italy from 1984 to 1998, highlighting the role performed by the credit system. We extend the Bernanke and Blinder model (1988) to the case of an open economy under a quasi‐fixed exchange rate regime, deriving analytically the conditions for the functioning of the three monetary policy channels generally identified in the literature (‘money’, ‘exchange rate’ and ‘credit’). These conditions explain the partial effectiveness of monetary policy in achieving price and income targets, while maintaining external equilibrium. By means of a structural VECM analysis, we evaluate the effectiveness of the transmission of monetary policy through the three channels. 相似文献
534.
We study a balanced mechanism that is capable of implementing in Nash equilibrium all the Pareto-efficient individually rational allocations for an economy with public goods. The Government chooses a set of weights directly related to the Lindahl prices corresponding to the Pareto-efficient allocation to be implemented. The mechanism then guarantees that initial endowments are re-allocated so that the chosen vector of Lindahl prices is indeed a Lindahl equilibrium, and implements the corresponding Lindahl allocation. Finally, besides being balanced, our mechanism is simple. Each agent has to declare a desired increase in the amount of public good, and a vector of redistributive transfers of initial endowments (across other agents).Received: 9 May 2003, Accepted: 22 October 2003, JEL Classification:
C79, H21, H30, H41We wish to thank Jeremy Edwards, Andrew Postlewaite and Emanuela Sciubba for helpful comments. Of course, any remaining errors are our own. 相似文献
535.
We derive the relationships between the net and gross elasticities of substitution and complementarity (i.e., the elasticities
that refer either to the conditional or unconditional, direct or inverse demand system) in the general case of non-homothetic,
variable-returns-to-scale technologies. We also show that the so-called Hicks Elasticity of Complementarity (Hicks, Oxford economic Papers 22, 289–296 (1970)) is dual to a full-fledged elasticity of gross input substitution that we call the Hotelling/Lau Elasticity of Substitution (Lau, Production Economics: A Dual Approach to Theory and Applications. Amsterdam: North-Holand (1978)). The former is, in fact, the proper elasticity of substitution in the case of the inverse,
unconditional input demand. Our results should clarify some issues about the input substitutability classification. 相似文献
536.
Paolo Barbesino Roberto Camerani Alessandra Gaudino 《Journal of Financial Services Marketing》2005,9(4):329-343
The internet has emerged as a widely recognised distribution channel for the banking industry in Europe. Traditional banks, as well as new players, have discovered its effectiveness compared with other channels. The aim of this paper is to draw a picture of online banking in Europe, by observing behavioural patterns of internet users accessing bank websites and managing their finances online. Similarities across countries as well as main differences emerge in market structure and competitive dynamics. In-depth analysis of Spain and Italy is provided. 相似文献
537.
In Italy tax benefits are granted to firms going public. However, does such tax relief really reduce the corporate tax burden? In this study we tackle the issue by considering 21 industrial firms that were listed on the Italian Exchange from 1995 to 1997 and enjoyed a temporary tax rate cut‐off. We find that the increase in the taxable income reported by these firms largely counterbalances the effect of the tax relief. We conclude that a tax rate cut‐off may not necessarily provoke a reduction in the tax burden for newly listed firms, since in the short term they report larger earnings compared with privately‐owned companies. We claim that this ‘induced’ effect is mainly due to: the significant improvement of operating performance in the year of the listing; the reduction of the debt tax shield; an increase in investment and more accounting transparency. Our findings suggest that tax relief for IPO firms does not necessarily mean a loss of revenue for the government. 相似文献
538.
Abstract In a recent critical review of de Finetti’s paper “Il problema dei pieni’’, the Nobel Prize winner Harry Markowitz recognized
the primacy of de Finetti in applying the mean-variance approach to finance, but pointed out that de Finetti did not solve
the problem for the general case of correlated risks. We argue in this paper that a more fair sentence would be: de Finetti
did solve the general problem but under an implicit hypothesis of regularity which is not always satisfied. Moreover, a natural
extension of de Finetti’s procedure to non-regular cases offers a general solution for the correlation case and shows that
de Finetti anticipated a modern mathematical programming approach to mean-variance problems.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 91B30, 90C20
Journal of Economic Literature Classification: G11, C61, B23, D81, G22 相似文献
539.
In this paper we test the so‐called ‘quiet life’ hypothesis (QLH), according to which firms with market power are less efficient. Using data on the Italian banking industry for the period 1992–2007, we apply a two‐step procedure. First we estimate bank‐level cost efficiency scores and Lerner indices. Then we use the estimated market power measures, as well as a vector of control variables, to explain cost efficiency. Our empirical evidence supports the QLH, although the impact of market power on efficiency is not particularly remarkable in magnitude. 相似文献
540.
The widely shared view of service sector growth in Centrally Planned Economices (CPEs) is that it was hampered by the tremendous industrialisation effort which ‘crowded out ‘service sector employment and investment. After a brief discussion of western and eastern service sector theories, the authors try to show that while the crowding-out thesis is valid for the period of accelerated industrialisation, it cannot be so easily applied to the behaviour of all CPE countries during the post-war period as a whole. They show differentiated time-pattern of employment and investment growth. 相似文献