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81.
Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö Petri Rouvinen Timo Seppälä Pekka Ylä-Anttila 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(3):263-278
Available statistics reveal little about the economic consequences of the increasing global dispersion of production processes.
To investigate the issue, we perform grass-roots investigative work to uncover the geography of the value added for a Nokia N95 smartphone circa 2007. The phone was assembled in Finland and China. When the device was assembled and sold in Europe, the
value-added share of Europe (EU-27) rose to 68%. Even when it was assembled in China and sold in the United States, Europe
captured as much as 51% of the value added, despite of the fact that it played little role in supplying the physical components.
Our analysis illustrates that international trade statistics can be misleading; the capture of value added is largely detached
from the flow of physical goods. Instead, services and other intangible aspects of the supply chain dominate. While final
assembly—commanding 2% of the value added in our case—has increasingly moved offshore, the developed countries continue to
capture most of the value added generated by global supply chains. 相似文献
82.
This study provides new insights to online consumption communities by questioning the currently dominant view of communities being structured by subcultural capital and meanings pertinent to a specific field of consumption, such as one brand or consumption interest. This study argues for more sensitivity in recognizing increasing delocalization, which manifests itself in significant overlap between communities and consequently freer movement of participants between them. This study draws from a longitudinal and introspective netnographic research project in what was originally an electronic music community to discuss the consequences of this development. The study finds that delocalization manifests itself through situated individualism and delocalized performances within online consumption communities, and offers implications for future netnographic inquiry. 相似文献
83.
Pekka Pirinen Financial Manager PhD 《European Accounting Review》2013,22(1):213-235
Abstract This paper deals with the internationalisation of Finnish business life and the attempts to introduce and apply international accounting standards (IASs) in Finnish accounting practice before the latest developments at the EU level in 2002. The internationalisation of business life creating economic pressures for changes is illustrated. Analysis of four accounting issues is made in order to exemplify how IASs have affected Finnish accounting legislation and practice. The results of the analysis indicate that the effect of IASs has been notable but secondary because of the implementation of the EU Directives in Finnish accounting legislation in the 1990s. IASs have not caused any drastic changes in accounting practice as their requirements have been written as alternatives in legislation. This approach has provided a possibility to large, listed companies to produce financial accounting information in line with the principles of IASs. In the introduction of IASs there have been political aspects when justifications for the national model and for the international orientation have been presented. 相似文献
84.
Pekka Sääskilahti 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(8):711-733
We analyse the effects of network externalities in strategic R&D competition. We present a model of two firms competing with R&D investments and prices in a differentiated consumer market. Buyers form firm-specific networks which can be compatible. A high degree of compatibility and large spillovers moderate price competition due to weak strategic value of firm-specific networks and R&D investments, respectively. Asymmetry in product qualities brings out network effects that cancel out in conventional symmetric settings. The lower quality firm increases R&D and decreases its price as spillovers or network compatibility is increased. This happens when R&D and firm-specific network size have high strategic value. 相似文献
85.
We examine how organizational stakeholders use narratives in their psychological processing of venture failure. We identify a range of “narrative attributions”, alternative accounts of failure that actors draw on to process the failure and their role in it. Our analysis provides a view of entrepreneurial failure as a complex social construction, as entrepreneurs, hired executives, employees and the media construct failure in distinctively different ways. Narratives provide means for both cognitive and emotional processing of failure through grief recovery and self-justification. 相似文献
86.
We use plant‐level employer–employee data in production functions and wage equations to examine whether wages are based on productivity. We use a stepwise procedure to find out how the results are influenced by the kind of data that is available. The models include shares of employee groups based on age, level and field of education, and sex. The gap between the age‐related wage and productivity effects increases with age. Education increases productivity, but wage under‐compensates productivity especially for those with the highest level of non‐technical education. For women the results depend greatly on the specification and method used. 相似文献
87.
Pekka Ilmakunnas 《Review of Industrial Organization》2008,32(1):19-33
We examine how Sutton’s “bounds” approach works in a small country where industries have relatively high export and import
intensities. The bounds are estimated as stochastic frontiers, where observable industry characteristics, entry barriers,
and export intensity are allowed to affect the mean and variance of the deviations from the frontier. In accordance with the
theory, high R&D intensity industries have a lower bound for concentration, which is higher than that for exogenous sunk cost
industries. For high advertising industries the theory does not hold as well.
相似文献
88.
Pekka Puustinen Hannu Kuusela Timo Rintamäki 《Journal of Financial Services Marketing》2012,17(3):191-205
Laddering data collected from 95 individuals and network analysis were used to reveal and identify 747 linkages among 33 content-analysed goals as reasons for investing in individual stocks, mutual funds and/or voluntary pension plans. The results suggest that consumers’ goals associated with investments are: (i) besides economic, also functional, emotional and symbolic; and (ii) influenced by the type of investment product under evaluation rather than being independent of the investment alternatives. The article presents guidelines for investment service providers on: (i) how to provide facilities that support consumers’ investment-related goals; and (ii) how to encourage consumers to take an active role in customising and personalising their investment practices when using these facilities. Thus, economic and functional but also – and especially – emotional and symbolic goals of investing give insight into these strategic decisions that enable investment service providers to deliver value to consumers. While economic, functional, emotional and symbolic goals are well established in consumer research literature, these elements contribute to a novel understanding of the drivers underlying investment in general and the differences in distinct product categories in particular. 相似文献
89.
90.
Pekka?J.?KorhonenEmail author Mikko?J.?Syrj?nen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2005,24(2):197-201
Halme et al., Management Science, 45, 103–115 (1999) have proposed Value Efficiency Analysis as an approach to incorporate preference information in Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Generally, a value function includes only ordinal information and thus a value efficiency score
does not provide information on the value difference. The score only describes the improvements in the input/output values
that are needed in order to make the Decision-Making Unit (DMU) as preferred as the Most Preferred Solution (MPS). This Paper
discusses two sets of additional assumptions that enable us to give the efficiency score a value difference interpretation. 相似文献