经济一体化分层与次区域国际经济一体化特征分析

文章在辨析各种经济一体化的基础上,尝试划分了区域经济一体化的层次,在与区域性国际经济一体化进行比较的基础上,总结次区域国际经济一体化的特征:无主权让渡和超国家权力机构的存在、具有毗邻的地理因素和地缘关系、内部市场的开放性以及合作领域的广泛性.     

Securitization of Longevity Risk in Reverse Mortgages

Abstract

The reverse mortgage market has been expanding rapidly in developed economies in recent years. The onset of demographic transition places a rapidly rising number of households in an age window in which reverse mortgages have potential appeal. Increasing prices for residential real estate over the last decade have further stimulated interest.

Reverse mortgages involve various risks from the provider-s perspective that may hinder the further development of these financial products. This paper addresses one method of transferring and financing the risks associated with these products through the form of securitization. Securitization is becoming a popular and attractive alternative form of risk transfer of insurance liabilities. Here we demonstrate how to construct a securitization structure for reverse mortgages similar to the one applied in traditional insurance products.

Specifically, we investigate the merits of developing survivor bonds and survivor swaps for reverse mortgage products. In the case of survivor bonds, for example, we are able to compute premiums, both analytically and numerically through simulations, and to examine how the longevity risk may be transferred to the financial investors. Our numerical calculations provide an indication of the economic benefits derived from developing survivor bonds to securitize the “longevity risk component” of reverse mortgage products. Moreover, some sensitivity analysis of these economic benefits indicates that these survivor bonds provide for a promising tool for investment diversification.     

膨胀剂在混凝土施工中的应用

为了提高混凝土的抗渗性能,以及减免由于混凝土收缩而产生的裂缝,在混凝土中经常加入膨胀剂。混凝土膨胀剂的功能是使硬化后的混凝土产生一定的体积膨胀,抵销混凝土硬化早期产生的体积收缩。     

加强金融消费者权益保护问题研究

在金融全球化的今天,加强对金融消费者的保护不仅是一个国家的问题,它已经转变为一个国际问题。金融全球化加剧了金融消费者与金融机构之间的信息不对称,加大了监管难度,提高了维权的成本。为此,应借鉴国际经验、结合我国实情,加强对金融消费者权益的保障。可行的措施有:健全企业征信系统,优化我国的金融生态环境;对金融消费者保护专门立法,成立金融消费者保护机构;重视对金融衍生工具的监管,加强监管的国际合作。     

师范类院校实验室耗材采购与管理的探索

文章针对师范类院校在耗材采购和管理中存在的问题,通过提高管理意识、改进管理方法、创新管理模式等措施,对耗材进行统一采购和集中管理,提高管理效率、降低采购成本、减少资源浪费。     

关于铁路车站纵断面设计

由于车站纵断面与车站功能及规模没有直接联系,设计规范也只有取值范围,大部分设计要么取上限、要么取下限,设计中的问题往往被复杂的车站平面布置所掩盖。只有当车站标高与地面标高相差很大,工程艰巨,或者土石方超出常规的工程量时,才研究纵断面的合理性。实际上,车站纵断面除了从工程量、桥、隧或路基工点分析其合理性以外,更重要的是车站建成后纵断面对日常运营的影响,这是对作业效率更深层次的影响,影响长远且难以更正。对铁路车站纵断面设计进行深入的分析,以利于提高对车站纵断面设计的认识,掌握和处理好关键的问题。     

银行机构扩张、支付工具改进与城镇储蓄存款增长——制度变量对货币需求影响的一个分析视角

规模变量、机会成本变量及制度变量是决定货币需求的三个因素,但一直以来货币需求研究主要聚焦于规模变量及机会成本,而较少考虑制度变量的影响。本文以银行机构及支付工具作为制度变量,从理论推导与实证分析两个方面探讨其对货币需求的影响,结论表明改革开放以来商业银行机构扩张及支付工具的改进节省了城镇居民的现金需求,而推动了城镇储蓄存款的增长。     

Selective enforcement of regulation

Regulatory agencies may, whether outside of set rules or within their discretion, depart from the original goals or principles set for enforcing the rules, which we term selective enforcement. Taking China, a country in transition, as an example, and using cases and large-sample tests, we present empirical evidence of selective enforcement. The results show that the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) takes into account whether companies violating the rules have a state-owned background and the strength of that background when investigating and punishing non-compliance. After controlling for the degree of violation, state-owned-enterprises (SOEs) are punished less severely than private companies; and the higher the hierarchy of the SOE in question, the less severe the punishment. It also takes longer for SOEs to be punished. We also find that companies that violate the rules less seriously have a greater tendency to apply for refinancing than those that violate the rules more seriously. This may be because the severity of the violation can affect listed companies’ expectations of obtaining refinancing. The analysis and conclusions of this study prove useful in understanding the causes and consequences of selective enforcement in transition economies.     

MNC Strategic Responses to Ethical Pressure: An Institutional Logic Perspective

In this study, we aim to investigate how multinational corporations (MNCs) balance ethical pressures from both the home and host countries. Drawing on theories from institutional theory, international business, and business ethics, we build a theoretical framework to explain the ethical behavior of MNCs. We apply the institutional logic concept to examine how MNCs with established logics and principles that have grown in the home country respond to local ethical expectations in the host country. We differentiate the core values from the peripheral components of a MNC’s institutional logic and propose that a MNC will pursue distinctive ethical strategies under different scenarios and choose the “right” configuration of core values and peripheral components that align with institutional environment in host countries.     

发展非公有制经济必须继续解放思想

经过二十多年磕磕碰碰的发展．到现在我国非公有制经济已经成为国民经济中一支重要力量。但是，中国非公有制经济是在改革开放前公有制一统天下的背景下破土而出的。那时的主流观点认为．私有制是万恶之源；社会主义与资本主义势不两立；中国要建成社会主义，必须把非公有制经济消灭干净，让它永远不得翻身。