Hierarchical multimodal hub location problem is a cost-minimizing hub covering problem where two types of hubs and hub links, accounting for ground and air transportation, are to be established, while ensuring time-definite deliveries. We propose a mixed-integer programming formulation and perform a comprehensive sensitivity analysis on the Turkish network. We show that the locations of airport hubs are less sensitive to the cost parameters compared to the locations of ground hubs and it is possible to improve the service quality at not much additional cost in the resulting multimodal networks. Our methodology provides the means for a detailed trade-off analysis. 相似文献
Many movies are based on best-selling novels. While book adaptation is an often used strategy in the motion picture industry, it has received little academic attention. Using a multi-method approach, this research investigates the drivers behind the success of book-based movies. In Study 1, we analyze over 700 movies and find that book-based movies perform better at the box office on the opening weekend than non-book movies. However, this superior performance dissipates after the opening weekend. Further, the opening weekend performance of book-based movies is positively driven by book equity, book-movie similarity, and recency between the book??s peak equity and movie release. After the opening weekend, many of these book-related variables cease to have an impact, and the effect of movie-related variables (e.g., reviews) increases. Because Study 1 documents that book-movie similarity positively impacts the movie??s performance, contrary to prior findings that content similarity has negative or null impact on performance of a movie sequel, we undertake a second study to reconcile the discrepancy. Study 2 finds that content similarity results in satiation and therefore hampers the movie success for sequels; however, when a movie is adapted from a book, due to experiential modality change (i.e., from book format to film format rather than film to film), content similarity increases the movie??s chance of success. 相似文献
The trade promotion area remains seriously under-researched compared with its share of the overall marketing mix budget. This review attempts to provide an up-to-date account of what we know about trade promotions. For eight major topics we elaborate on what that topic means in the context of trade promotions, why it has been deemed important, what empirical findings have emerged in that area, and proposeareas for future research. 相似文献
Over the past decade, the worldwide use of antidumping has become very widespread—41 WTO-member countries initiated antidumping cases over the 1995-2003 period. From another perspective, U.S. exporters were subjected to 139 antidumping cases during this period, by enforcement agencies representing 20 countries. In this context, it is natural to consider whether antidumping filings may be motivated as retaliation against similar measures imposed on a country's exporters. This is the focus of our study, though we also control for the bilateral export flows involved and nonretaliatory impacts of past cases, with other motivations—macroeconomic, industry-specific, and political considerations—dealt with through fixed effects. Applying probit analysis to a WTO database on reported filings, we find strong evidence that retaliation was a significant motive in explaining the rise of antidumping filings over the past decade, though interesting differences emerge in the reactions to traditional and new users of antidumping. 相似文献
There has been limited research on entrepreneurship in Turkey. Given the fact that globalization has rapidly been increasing,
that foreign direct investment is spreading throughout the world, and that more and more foreign investors are seeking partners
in emergent markets such as Turkey. One important reason for the interest in Turkish entrepreneurs is because they have many
characteristics that are similar to entrepreneurs in Western markets. Even if there are many differences between Western entrepreneurs
and Turkish entrepreneurs, it would be valuable to compare the characteristics of Turkish entrepreneurs with others. Moreover,
a few cross-cultural studies have examined the similarities among entrepreneurs in various nations. Ireland and Turkey have
many striking similarities despite varying cultural backgrounds. Hence, this empirical research was undertaken to investigate
the characteristics and attributes of Turkish entrepreneurs and compare them to Irish entrepreneurs. The research design in
this study focused on 161 Turkish entrepreneurs who were randomly selected from a list (obtained from local Chamber of Commerce)
and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The questions assessed relevant areas, such as demographic and business
information, motivations, entrepreneurial characteristics, business problems, personality characteristics, and management
skills. Information on the Irish entrepreneurs was incorporated from a published study. Overall, in terms of entrepreneurial
characteristics, Turkish entrepreneurs displayed surprisingly similar characteristics to the Irish. The implications of this
study are discussed along with some recommendations. 相似文献
This paper takes a new look at the predictability of stock market returns with risk measures. We find a significant positive relation between average stock variance (largely idiosyncratic) and the return on the market. In contrast, the variance of the market has no forecasting power for the market return. These relations persist after we control for macroeconomic variables known to forecast the stock market. The evidence is consistent with models of time‐varying risk premia based on background risk and investor heterogeneity. Alternatively, our findings can be justified by the option value of equity in the capital structure of the firms. 相似文献
In general, there are examples of TU games where the core is stable but is not large. In this paper, we show that the extendability condition introduced by Kikuta and Shapley (1986, “Core Stability in n-Person Games,” Mimeo) is sufficient for the core to be stable as well as large, for TU games with five or fewer players. We provide a counter example when the number of players is six. We then introduce a stronger extendability condition and show that it is necessary and sufficient for the core to be large. Our proof makes use of a well-known result from the theory of convex sets. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C71. 相似文献
The aim of this study is to make the teacher candidates aware of the risk factors for the mentally disabled in the use of the social media and specify their views about this issue. The raw data gathered from semi-structured interviews were analysed through a “content analysis technique” and interpreted. The findings showed that the majority of the participants (43.3%) stated that the mentally disabled people faced the risk of becoming social media addicts and were likely to have problems (33.3%). Some of the participants (23.3%) stressed the possible risks of harmful contents. The findings of this research indicated that almost all the mentally disabled people needed to use the social media. It was found out that the mentally disabled people experience more problems. A big majority of the participants emphasized the need for a password to limit the harmful contents and access to them.