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81.
ABSTRACTMedia diversity studies regularly invoke the notion of marketing images as mirrors of racism and sexism. This article develops a higher-order concept of marketing images as “mirrors of intersectionality.” Drawing on a seven-dimensional study of coverperson diversity in a globalizing mediascape, the emergent concept highlights that marketing images reflect not just racism and sexism, but all categorical forms of marginalization, including ableism, ageism, colorism, fatism, and heterosexism, as well as intersectional forms of marginalization, such as sexist ageism and racist multiculturalism. Fueled by the legacies of history, aspirational marketing logics, and an industry-wide distribution of discriminatory work, marketing images help to perpetuate multiple, cumulative, and enduring advantages for privileged groups and disadvantages for marginalized groups. In this sense, marketing images, as mirrors of intersectionality, are complicit agents in the structuration of inequitable societies. 相似文献
82.
Anton Flossmann 《Empirical Economics》2010,38(1):85-117
This paper addresses M-estimation of conditional mean functions when observations are missing at random. The usual approach
of correcting for missing data, when the missing data mechanism is ignorable, is inverse probability weighting (IPW). An alternative
semiparametric M-estimator which involves local polynomial matching techniques is proposed and its asymptotic distribution
is derived. Like IPW, the proposed estimation approach has a double robustness property for the estimation of unconditional
means. Monte Carlo evidence suggests slightly better finite sample properties of the semiparametric M-estimator relatively
to IPW. A version of the proposed estimator is applied to estimate the impact of noncognitive skills on wages in Germany for
two different educational treatment regimes. 相似文献
83.
It is well known that urban expansion has a severe impact on the surface water balance by transforming vegetated covers into sealed surfaces. This transformation causes changing fluxes of evapotranspiration, surface runoff and groundwater recharge. In order to estimate the impact of land cover changes on the surface hydrology, hydrological models are often coupled with different types of land cover change models. It is, however, not clear to what extent spatially-explicit urban expansion scenarios provide an added value in comparison with non-spatial urban expansion models at different scale levels. The objective of this paper is to acquire a better insight in the importance of scale effects involved in the coupling of urban expansion scenarios and hydrological models. The relative importance of using different projections of both (i) quantity and (ii) spatial patterns of urban expansion was analysed at four different scale levels. The highly urbanised Flanders–Brussels region was taken as an example application. Twelve different urban expansion scenarios for 2025 and 2050 were developed and subsequently used as an input in a spatially-distributed water balance model. The results obtained suggest that at the level of the Flanders–Brussels region, an accurate estimation of the quantity of urban expansion should get priority over an accurate projection of the spatial patterns. However, the importance of using accurate projections of the spatial pattern of urban expansion increases systematically at local scale levels. A uniform strategy for coupling urban expansion models and hydrological models thus seems inappropriate. These findings are highly relevant for water management and spatial planning policymakers that typically operate at different administrative levels. 相似文献
84.
Anton Brender 《Intereconomics》1989,24(1):3-5
There have been increasing warnings lately that the world economy is in danger of disintegrating. How realistic are such fears? Could the world's trading partners have a serious interest in such a development and be prepared to accept the risks involved? The following three articles seek to answer these questions. 相似文献
85.
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Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
88.
Models where monetary policy is delegated to an independentcentral bank using contracts or targets usually assume thatthe preferences of the principal and the agent are known withcertainty. However, if there is no consensus in society aboutthe relative costs of inflation and output stabilisation, thedelegation solution may not produce a better outcome for themedian voter than discretion This paper examines the robustnessof the institutional solutions to the credibility problem withuncertain preferences We also examine the related issue of whetherpolitical parties have an interest in moving towards centralbank independence 相似文献
89.
Expropriable disclosures of knowledge to prospective buyers may be necessary to facilitate the sale of intellectual property (IP). In principle, confidentiality agreements can protect disclosures by granting the seller rights to sue for unauthorized use. In practice, sellers often waive confidentiality rights. We provide an incomplete information explanation for the waiver of confidentiality rights that are valuable in complete information settings. Waiving sacrifices the protective value of confidentiality to gain greater buyer participation. Buyer skepticism, which reduces participation, arises endogenously from three elements: asymmetric information regarding seller IP, rent dissipation from competition for IP, and ex post costs from expropriation lawsuits. 相似文献
90.
Anton Nahman Dan Rigby 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2008,76(4):721-737
This study estimates the costs associated with reduced water quality and withdrawal of Blue Flag status in Margate, Kwazulu‐Natal, based on travel costs and contingent behaviour (reported change in visits contingent on a hypothetical scenario). Costs associated with hypothetical loss of Blue Flag status (based on reduced visits) range between R17 and R25 million per annum. Interestingly, Blue Flag status was withdrawn shortly after completion of the survey, owing to reduced water quality. This study therefore provides an estimate of the associated welfare losses, and of the benefits of actions to improve water quality and restore Blue Flag status. 相似文献