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121.
Arne Melchior 《The World Economy》2006,29(10):1329-1346
This article reviews some recent developments in Norway's trade policy, in the light of the WTO's Trade Policy Review of Norway, 2004. A main focus is on the relationship between MFN trade policy and Norway's numerous preferential trade arrangements. In spite of a growing number of free trade agreements the paper suggests that Norway's trade regime has not become more discriminatory. The reason is that cuts in MFN tariffs as well as improvements in GSP have eroded preference margins in manufacturing faster than the coverage of free trade agreements has expanded. As a result of liberalisation, the trade regime for manufacturing has become less discriminatory, not more. While Norway is on the whole a liberal‐minded supporter of the world trade system, it has twice in recent history reacted with protectionism. Around 1980, a restrictive quota regime for clothing was implemented. This has later been dismantled, contributing to sharply increased imports from developing countries. For agriculture, Norway has currently high protection, and tariff preferences are limited. It is likely that agricultural protection will be gradually reduced due to the WTO, as well as through free trade agreements and improvements in GSP. 相似文献
122.
Karine Nyborg Richard B. Howarth Kjell Arne Brekke 《Resource and Energy Economics》2006,28(4):351-366
“Green” consumers appear to accept individual responsibility for the provision of public goods. The propensity to take such responsibility may depend on beliefs about others’ behavior, even for consumers motivated by internalized moral norms, not by social sanctions. This effect can produce multiple equilibria with either high or low demand for “green” products. Permanent increases in green consumption may be achieved by imposing temporary taxes or subsidies, or through advertising that influences beliefs about others’ behavior or about external effects. If a tax is interpreted as taking responsibility away from the individual, however, taxes can reduce the influence of moral motivation. 相似文献
123.
Arne Heise 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2005,85(4):230-237
Die Globalisierung erschwert die Bereitstellung öffentlicher Güter innerhalb nationaler
Grenzen. Ein System der politischen Zusammenarbeit könnte aber eine mögliche
Unterversorgung mit öffentlichen Gütern verhindern. Wie wird in der Europäischen Union
die Wirtschaftspolitik einzelner Länder koordiniert? Welche Koordinierungsmethoden
kommen zu den besten Ergebnissen?Prof. Dr. Arne Heise, 44, lehrt Volkswirtschaftslehre
an der Universität Hamburg. 相似文献
124.
This paper considers the financial optimization problem of a firm with several sub-businesses striving for its optimal RORAC. An insightful example shows that the implementation of classical gradient capital allocation can be suboptimal if division managers are allowed to venture into all business whose marginal RORAC exceeds the firm’s RORAC. The marginal RORAC requirements are refined by adding a risk correction term that takes into account the interdependencies of the risks of different lines of business. It is shown that under certain stationarity conditions this approach can guarantee that the optimal RORAC will eventually be achieved. 相似文献
125.
Arne Løkka 《Mathematical Finance》2014,24(4):696-727
In a limit order book model with exponential resilience, general shape function, and an unaffected stock price following the Bachelier model, we consider the problem of optimal liquidation for an investor with constant absolute risk aversion. We show that the problem can be reduced to a two‐dimensional deterministic problem which involves no buy orders. We derive an explicit expression for the value function and the optimal liquidation strategy. The analysis is complicated by the fact that the intervention boundary, which determines the optimal liquidation strategy, is discontinuous if there are levels in the limit order book with relatively little market depth. Despite this complication, the equation for the intervention boundary is fairly simple. We show that the optimal liquidation strategy possesses the natural properties one would expect, and provide an explicit example for the case where the limit order book has a constant shape function. 相似文献
126.
127.
Recent research suggests that nonstandard employment relations may be a source of innovation for the firm. In this article, we analyze firms' strategic correlates and perceived benefits from using two types of employment in‐termediaries—consulting firms and temporary help agencies—in their core activities. Organizations with an innovation strategy are more likely to use consulting firms in their core activities, while organizations that compete on the basis of low cost are more apt to use temporary help agencies. Moreover, managers say that consulting firms are more likely than temporary help agencies to provide them with special competencies in their core activities. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
128.
Dr. Arne Sandström 《Metrika》1987,34(1):129-142
Let T(
) be a linear function of concomitants of order statistics, whereT (·) denotes a statistical functional depending on some distribution function (df)F and
is an estimator ofF. Under an auxiliary model approach we consider statistics of the form
, where
denotes a weighted empirical df and
a finite population df (t denotes a triangular array). The results can be used to estimate income inequality in finite populations and especially when
the survey is based on some design.
The paper was written when the author was working at the Statistical Research Unit, Statistics Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
The research was supported by the Joint Committé of the Nordic Social Research Council. 相似文献
129.
THE SIZE AND GROWTH OF THE HIDDEN ECONOMY IN NORWAY 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present size of the hidden economy in Norway is between 4 and 6 percent of GDP, of which hidden labor income constitutes about half. A survey approach reveals that 4/5 of the population is of the opinion that people in general accept income from moonlighting that is not reported, and 2/3 believes that this share of acceptance is on the increase. Furthermore, surveys clearly show that hidden labor services are of satisfactory quality, that they mainly are paid for in cash, but with checks being increasingly used, and that buyers find it easier to obtain services from the hidden labor market than from the regular one. A shortening of the work week in order to alleviate unemployment may result in an increased supply of hidden labor. 相似文献
130.
Does corruption attract or deter foreign investment in the extractive sectors? This article presents an econometric analysis of extractive industry foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to 81 countries in the period 1996–2009. The results suggest that increased corruption within a country is associated with increased extractive industry FDI, but at a diminishing rate as corruption increases grow larger. For realistic changes in corruption, however, more corruption is associated with more extractive industry investment. 相似文献