英国低碳能源转型:战略、情景、政策与启示

总结英国上一轮能源转型的清洁化、多元化、市场化特点及影响,简要阐述其面向"2050碳中和"目标的立法,引用英国国家电网公司发布的"未来能源情景(2019)",分析低碳转型目标下未来英国能源系统"可信"的演变方式。在情景规划的基础上,以未来英国增长潜力最大的海上风能为例,着重分析英国本轮能源市场改革中如何通过政策干预与市场竞争,实现可再生能源的快速发展以及低碳化能源系统与市场的构建。对中国政府和企业制定低碳发展战略的启示包括:应对气候变化和面向低碳能源的立法是实现转型的基本保障;能源低碳化转型路径不唯一,应充分结合本国资源与产业特点制定能源政策;政策扶持结合市场竞争的模式可以加快新能源产业发展,降低转型成本;融入区域统一能源市场,低碳转型中强化多重能源战略目标的实现。     

How do staggered boards affect shareholder value? Evidence from a natural experiment

The well-established negative correlation between staggered boards (SBs) and firm value could be due to SBs leading to lower value or a reflection of low-value firms' greater propensity to maintain SBs. We analyze the causal question using a natural experiment involving two Delaware court rulings—separated by several weeks and going in opposite directions—that affected the antitakeover force of SBs. We contribute to the long-standing debate on staggered boards by presenting empirical evidence consistent with the market viewing SBs as leading to lower firm value for the affected firms.     

Asset management and investment banking

We find evidence that conflicts of interest are pervasive in the asset management business owned by investment banks. Using data from 1990 to 2008, we compare the alphas of mutual funds, hedge funds, and institutional funds operated by investment banks and non-bank conglomerates. We find that, while no difference exists in performance by fund type, being owned by an investment bank reduces alphas by 46 basis points per year in our baseline model. Making lead loans increases alphas, but the dispersion of fees across portfolios decreases alphas. The economic loss is $4.9 billion per year.     

Using bounds to investigate household debt repayment behaviour

Understanding the factors that influence arrears is crucial if policy makers wish to alleviate the problems caused by debt. But conventional estimates of repayment behaviour impose implausible assumptions about lender behaviour. However, an upper and lower bound for the effect of the determinants of repayment behaviour can be estimated. Reasonable assumptions about the behaviour of economics agents narrow these bands. We use administrative data from a leading Italian lender to the household sector to demonstrate the methodology, and we show that conventional estimates under-estimate the true default probability.     

Computer-Aided Tools in Negotiation: Negotiable Issues,Counterfactual Thinking,and Satisfaction

Negotiations research has identified both economic and social-psychological outcomes are important for negotiations. Despite the economic advantages of having multiple issues to negotiate, inconsistencies exist between objective economic outcomes and negotiator satisfaction. Although having more negotiable issues yields better objective payoffs, it can result in more thoughts about different possible outcomes. Such counterfactual thoughts about different outcomes can reduce overall satisfaction due to increased cognitive complexity and thoughts about different outcomes. In this study, we explore how information technology can influence negotiator satisfaction and better manage counterfactual thoughts and post-negotiation satisfaction. Results support the prediction that having a computer aid to better manage cognitively complex issues, even a relatively simple one, reduces participants’ counterfactual thoughts about better possible outcomes. As a result, the use of some type of technology—even a simple technology such as a spreadsheet—may improve overall negotiator satisfaction, while maintaining desirable economic outcomes.     

Resource curse impacts on the co-evolution of emerging economy institutions and firm internationalization

We investigate natural resource “curse” impacts on co-evolutionary relationships between emerging economy institutions and firm internationalization. We discuss how these relationships challenge and extend IB institutional research using three predominant resource curse characteristics (boom and bust cycles with related public discourse and “Dutch Disease” with associated manufacturing sector investment crowd-out). These characteristics alter regulative, normative and cognitive institutional impacts on state- and privately-owned firm internationalization during an emerging economy’s resource curse. We develop propositions describing these processes using oil and gas, manufacturing and service sector examples in several emerging economies. We discuss our theoretical contributions to the resource curse and international business literatures and outline future research directions.     

Minimal Conditions for the Survival of the Euro

Most technocrats argue that creating the euro was a way of forcing the pace of political integration, since monetary union is not possible without political union. We disagree and instead put forward four minimal conditions for the survival of the euro. Political integration in Europe has its limits; the trick is to understand when less is more.     

Imminent Entry and the Transition to Multimarket Rivalry in a Laboratory Setting

In this paper we study the behavior of rivals when there is a known probability of imminent entry. Experimental markets are used to collect data on pre‐ and postentry production when there is an announced time of possible entry; some markets experience entry and other do not. In all preentry markets competition is more intense. Postentry behavior in all markets is more competitive compared to a baseline that had no threat. There is evidence that postentry multimarket contact raises outputs in those markets that did not experience entry, behavior we generally refer to as a conduit effect.     

Exploring quality of life perceptions in rural midwestern (USA) communities: an application of the core–periphery concept in a tourism development context

Tourism has increasingly become a preferred option for rural economic development. Like other economic opportunities, the purpose is to improve community viability and residents' quality of life. However, the impacts from tourism are sometimes negative and may lead to a decreased quality of life for residents. This empirical study investigates residents' quality of life using the core–periphery (CP) model. Periphery respondents reported a statistically higher overall quality of life, which is at odds with other research. Significant differences in quality of life scores and subsequent indicators highlight the usefulness of the CP model towards understanding tourism impacts to a rural destination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.