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81.
Henry O. Pruden Ph.D. F. Kelly Shuptrine Douglas S. Longman 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1974,2(4):610-619
For the purpose of equipping researchers in marketing with a more sophisticated method to measure alienation in a marketing
context, the authors have constructed and initially tested an alienation from the marketplace index. Alienation is defined
in terms of Melvin Seeman's (1959) five basic variants of alienation: powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, social
isolation, and self-estrangement. After pretesting, two questions per variant of alienation remained as the operational measures
of alienation from the marketplace. These questions focused specifically on marketing phenomenon. Test-retest reliability
was tested with 35 paired observations. Validity was checked with survey data from 140 households. In terms of face or content
validity, the questions met the criterion of “looking as if” they should indicate the corresponding dimensions of alienation.
Correlations between the marketplace alienation items and a measure of general alienation established concurrent validity.
The authors propose that the use of the marketplace alienation index in studies involving those who are affected by our country's
business climate may prove useful. For example, one would hypothesize that increasing alienation from the marketplace would
be associated with support of consumerist goals, or even of additional government legislation to control problems that the
individual feels is uncontrollable by him because of the bigness and indifference of modern day enterprise.
Pepsico, Inc. 相似文献
82.
George Tesar Gerald G. Udell Ph.D. G. M. Naidu Ph.D. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1974,2(4):642-650
The energy and environmental crises are important problems facing the United States today. With less than 6% of the world's
population, the U.S. accounts for 47% of the world's automobiles and nearly 35% of the total energy demand. Automobiles consume
nearly 14.5% of the total energy demand and are the major source of air pollution. Whiel there are many potential solutions
for the energy and environmental crises, this paper specifically focuses on how the electric car can be a partial answer to
the complex problem of personal transportation. The paper specifically discusses the role of marketing in bridging the gap
between technology and the consumer. On the basis of an extensive exploratory study, the authors contend that there is sufficient
interest among consumers for an economical, pollution-free, electric car. Understanding the consumer's need and developing
a product that is feasible, considering existing technology, is the role that marketing must play. 相似文献
83.
In spite of its importance to policy makers, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the welfare effects of one aspect of trade policy-how to implement an import quota that applies to a heterogeneous product category. The government can impose a simple quota that applies indiscriminately to all goods within the product category or it can divide the quota among them with subquotas. In this paper, we analyze the welfare effects of subquotas. Under certain simplifying assumptions we find that a system of subquotas nearly always exists that provides greater welfare than a simple quota for a large country that retains quota rights or for a large or small country that gives quota rights away to foreigners. However, subquotas cannot increase the welfare of a small country that retains quota rights. The difference lies in the effect of imports on the home country's terms of trade.The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the US International Trade Commission. The authors are grateful for helpful comments on an earlier draft by anonymous referees. 相似文献
84.
Ljones O Aamdal K 《Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe》1991,8(1):45-55
The impact of demographic aging and changes in the age structure on local government expenditures for social services in Norway is analyzed and projected. "To model the production of the local government sector, we have developed a macro model which reflects the coverage of different services according to demographic characteristics and standards defined as man-hours per client.... The results of a simulation show that demographic changes are of minor importance for local government expenditures in most sectors when compared to changes in standard and coverage rates....Results [also] indicate that a shift in standards and coverages in different client sectors would have rather important effects on the Norwegian economy." 相似文献
85.
In this paper we examine how the information processing of subjects who make an innovative choice (innovators) differs from that of subjects who make a noninnovative choice (noninnovators). The task involves selection of an alternative within a range of prerated product category innovativeness. We propose that subjects who seek 1) impersonal/uncontrollable sources, 2) higher levels of information, 3) more detailed (versus summary) data, and 4) noncomparative (versus comparative) data are more likely to make innovative choices. The research method is a computerized process tracing experiment utilizing Search Monitor (Brucks 1988).The authors wish to express their gratitude to Merrie Brucks for the use of and help with Search Monitor and to Eric Johnson, Dave Schmittlein, and Mita Sujan for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. 相似文献
86.
Schweitzer SO 《The Quarterly review of economics and business》1990,30(4):140-147
Health policy decisions are made in an uneven manner, eluding attempts to explain developments with a coherent theory. Numerous explanations have been suggested to explain individual policy actions, but recently Feldstein has attempted a broader formulation. This Self-Interest Model of Health Policy, however, assumes full knowledge of a policy's benefits and costs. This is an unrealistic assumption, and the model is unable to explain important decisions that have been made in three areas: insurance for long-term care, universal access, and efficiency incentives. This article presents a broader, more powerful formulation of the Feldstein model, specifically incorporating public ignorance as a policy determinant. The vital role of education and health policy research is underscored. 相似文献
87.
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89.
The relationship between deregulation in the trucking industry and highway safety is an important economic and social issue. Analyses thus far have concentrated on the relationship between the downward pressure imposed on freight rates by deregulation and total safety investment by firms. Two issues which have been ignored are the effects that deregulation had on route carriage restrictions and total firm mileage. We show that the inclusion of these factors yields a model in which the relationship between motor carrier deregulation and highway safety is dependent upon the relative effects of all three factors. Estimation of the model using accident data implies that trucking deregulation did not deteriorate highway safety and may have actually improved it. 相似文献
90.
Ricardo De O. Cavalcanti Andrs Erosa Ted Temzelides 《International Economic Review》2005,46(2):675-706
We build on our earlier model of money in which bank liabilities circulate as a medium of exchange. We investigate optimal bank behavior and the resulting provision of liquidity under a range of central bank regulations. In our model, banks issue inside money under fractional reserves, facing the possibility of excess redemptions. Banks consider the float resulting from money creation and make reserve‐management decisions that affect aggregate liquidity conditions. Numerical examples demonstrate positive bank failure rates when returns to banking are low. Central bank interventions may improve banks' returns and welfare through a reduction in bank failure. 相似文献