Common Properties and Sectoral Specificities in the Dynamics of U.S. Manufacturing Companies

The size distribution and growth rate dynamics of U.S. companieshave been extensively studied by many authors. In this paper,using the COMPUSTAT database, we extend the analysis todisaggregated data, studying 15 sectors of the U.S.manufacturing industry. The sectoral investigation reveals thepresence of general statistical properties that can be consideredvalid across all the studied sectors. In particular, theprobability density of firms growth rates invariably displays acharacteristic tent shape and the relation between the size of afirm and the variance of its rates of growth is characterized, indifferent sectors, by very similar scaling relations. Thepresence of characteristics that are robust and sectoral invarianthints at the existence of generic statistical properties shapingthe dynamic of firms across the whole industry.     

Testing similarities of short-run inflation dynamics among EU-25 countries after the Euro

In this paper, we introduce two new definitions of pair-wise and multi-wise similarity between short-run dynamics of inflation rates in terms of equality of forecast functions and show that in the context of invertible ARIMA processes the autoregressive metric introduced by Piccolo (1990) is a useful measure to evaluate such similarity. Then, we study the similarity of short-run inflation dynamics across European Union (EU)-25 Member States during the Euro period. Consistent with studies on inflation differentials and inflation persistence, our findings suggest that after seven years from the launch of the Euro the degree of similarity of short-run inflation dynamics across Euro area countries is still weak. By contrast, we find that EU countries not adopting the common currency, whether old EU or new accession Members, display a higher degree of inflation dynamics similarity both among each other and with Euro area countries.     

What does (not) characterize persistent corporate high-growth?

Theoretical and empirical studies of firm–industry dynamics have extensively focused on the process of growth. Theory predicts innovation, efficiency, profitability and financial status as the central channels through which firms can possibly achieve outstanding growth performance. The question is whether such high-growth performance is sustained over time and, if so, what are the factors enabling persistent high-growth patterns. Exploiting panels of Italian, Spanish, French and UK firms, we relate high growth, persistent high growth and other growth patterns to measures of efficiency, innovativeness, profitability and financial conditions. We find that high-growth firms are characterized by higher productivity and leverage, and that persistent high-growth firms do not systematically differ from other high-growth firms in none of the considered economic and financial dimensions. The findings are robust across countries, manufacturing and services.     

DYNAMICS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND COST OF LABOUR IN ITALIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS

This paper studies the impact of size on labour cost and productivity for Italian manufacturing firms. The distributions of both labour cost and productivity display a wide support, even when disaggregated by sector of industrial activity. Further, both labour cost and productivity, when considered alone, are growing with the size of the firm. We investigate this relationship on a new set of data and we are able to show that once productivity differences among firms have been accounted for, size still retains a positive effect on cost of labour in most of the sectors considered.     

The method of constant stimuli with three rating categories and the use of Rasch models

Logistic Models support an alternative general solution to compute the point of subjective equality (Vidotto et al., I modelli simple logistic e rating scale nella determinazione del punto di eguaglianza soggettivo: una nuova prospettiva per il metodo degli stimoli costanti, 1996) when the Method of Constant Stimuli is used (Bock and Jones, The Measurement and Prediction of Judgment and Choice, 1968). The Extended Logistic Models (Andrich, Appl. Psychol. Meas. II:581–594, 1978) offer the theoretical frame to compute individual and general thresholds when the method of constant stimuli is applied using a forced choice with more than two alternatives. As an example of the advantages of the application of this procedure, we show a data-set derived from an experiment on rhythm perception (Maestrini, La percezione del cambiamento nei ritmi uditivi, 2003), where two groups of experimental and naïve subjects were asked to judge whether the listened rhythm was constant, accelerated or decelerated. We have computed individual and general thresholds differentiating constancy from both acceleration and deceleration for all the different experimental conditions. The main advantage of this solution, compared to traditional psychophysical techniques, is not only related to better estimates of the individual point of subjective equality. The improvement can be summarized in the available fit tests to verify the agreement between the model both for stimuli and subjects.     

Reserve overstocking in a highly integrated world. New evidence from Asia and Latin America†

Monthly data are used to investigate reserves management in eight Asian and Latin American countries. Idiosyncratic explanatory variables enter into co-integration relationships based on a stochastic buffer stock model, where a reserve variability measure is obtained via conditional variance approaches. International factors influence the co-integration residuals (representing the excess demands for reserves), which tend to co-move within and across geographical areas. Principal components analysis is then implemented to associate their common drivers with the US fed fund effective interest rate and real-effective exchange rate. This two-step approach sheds light on some controversial aspects of reserves and exchange rate management, such as ‘fear of floating’ and mercantilist behavior. Our results suggest that the size of recent excess reserve holdings is probably overstated.     

Modelling Intra-Group Relationships

Within a group of companies, a model is given for management of the relationships between the parent company and its subsidiaries. This is particularly relevant for groups originating from mergers and takeovers, because firms acquired often differ substantially in organizational structure from each other and from the parent company. The model provides a means of harmonizing the organizational structures of parent company and subsidiaries, so as to provide a complete coverage of necessary activities without duplication, and a means of identifying which activities should, in economic terms, be centralized by the parent company, and which should be delegated to the subsidiary. Finally, there is an empirical application of the model to one of the principal Italian banking groups.     

Explaining the distribution of firm growth rates

Empirical analyses on aggregated datasets have revealed a common exponential behavior in the shape of the probability density of corporate growth rates. We present clear‐cut evidence on this topic using disaggregated data. We explain the observed regularities proposing a model in which firms' ability to take up new business opportunities increases with the number of opportunities already exploited. A theoretical result is presented for the limiting case in which the number of firms and opportunities go to infinity. Moreover, using simulations, we show that even in a small industry the agreement with asymptotic results is almost complete.