A mirror of history: China's bond market, 1921–42

This article provides a quantitative assessment of contemporary beliefs about historical events by econometrically identifying ‘break points’ in China's domestic bond market from 1921 to 1942. We find that these ‘break points’ usually coincided with the events highlighted by the Shanghai Newspaper—an influential daily newspaper produced during the time of the Republic of China. These events are also generally considered to be crucial by historians—for example, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and the outbreak of the Second Sino‐Japanese War. However, some events to which historians attach great importance, such as the conflicts between Nationalists and Communists in the 1930s, were not reflected in the bond market and did not attract much media attention. Some events, such as the Sino‐Japanese ceasefire in Tanggu in 1933, were thought to be crucial by contemporaries, but have been downplayed by later observers.     

小型水库管理中的重点问题与对策分析

我国水库数量众多,小型水库约占总水库数量的96％,在我国防洪抗旱、农业灌溉、维持生态平衡等方面作用显著.小型水库存在的工程安全隐患及管理漏洞,将直接或间接影响到水库安全和水库效益的充分发挥.在小型水库督查暗访工作中,对水库检查重点,发现的问题进行阐述,提出解决问题的建议与对策,以期能够提升小型水库运行管理的水平.     

2，4-二叔戊基苯酚合成工艺的研究

采用大孔强酸性阳离子树脂（A -35）催化剂进行了2,4-二叔戊基苯酚的合成工艺研究,考察了反应温度、进料空速、烯酚比以及反应压力对苯酚烷基化的影响。研究确定了适宜的工艺条件：进料的质量空速为0.6 h -1,反应温度为115℃,反应压力为0.6 MPa,在质量分数为30％的甲基叔戊基醚溶剂存在下,异戊烯和苯酚的物质的量比为1.5,在此条件下苯酚的单程转化率可维持在95％以上,总的选择性在95％以上。     

大气颗粒物源解析监测中的质量控制

为确保石家庄市大气颗粒物源解析研究数据的准确性和精密性,首先结合城市自然环境、能源结构、大气环境质量现状等进行合理布点采样,同时在大气颗粒物样品采集、滤膜称量、化学组分分析等监测过程中实施了空白分析、实验室平行样分析、标准曲线绘制与核查、加标回收、有证标准物质核查等一系列质量保证措施,通过对这些质量保证措施实施情况的阐述与质量控制数据的统计、计算与分析,证明了该大气颗粒物源解析监测工作从样品采集及其称量到化学组分分析等全过程是真实有效的,表明了石家庄市大气颗粒物源解析监测数据的准确性和监测工作的可靠性。     

长历时暴雨强度公式的推求方法

近年来,随着极端暴雨事件的出现,导致城市内涝灾害频繁发生,原有降雨历时仅为2h的市政排水设计暴雨强度公式已无法满足城市暴雨设计的需求,因此就要延长暴雨采样历时,推求出长历时(24h)暴雨强度公式。针对以上问题,根据北京市提供的52a(1961-2012)原始降雨资料并进行数字化处理,结合水利的长历时特点,采用兼顾市政排水,水利排涝,内涝防治的采样方法,应用P-Ⅲ分布曲线进行频率分析后采用6种经典方法推求暴雨强度公式的参数值,优选出误差最小且满足规范要求的暴雨强度公式参数值,进而推求长历时暴雨强度公式,在此基础上与短历时暴雨强度公式比较,分析两者的差异,为城市雨水排除规划设计提供科学依据和参考。     

邯郸赵苑公园水体水质分析及其可持续发展研究

通过对邯郸赵苑公园水体分区调查,在分析测试各区域水质的基础上,对赵苑公园水体水质及富营养化现状作了分析评价,结果表明公园水体水质未满足地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)Ⅴ类限值,并在全年呈现富营养化。针对公园水体存在的具体问题,从治理和控制污染源、多种水生植物综合治理和加强监控等方面为景观水体的保护与可持续发展提出了建议。     

LABOR MARKET IMPACTS OF SMOKING REGULATIONS ON THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY

This paper examines the impact of smoking regulations on restaurant employment in West Virginia, a state with a high rate of smoking prevalence. Using a confidential establishment‐level dataset, our results suggest that smoking bans reduced restaurant employment by between 0.7 and 1.5 workers, depending on model specification. We find that smoking restrictions have heterogeneous impacts across establishments, with the largest impacts on mid‐sized establishments, defined as those with 10–29 employees. Our results also suggest that the impact of smoking restrictions was larger in counties with higher rates of smoking prevalence. (JEL L51, D78, H0)     

SCALE EFFECT VERSUS INDUCED POLICY RESPONSE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE: THE CASE OF U.S. WATER POLLUTION

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) could arise from the scale effect in abatement technology as emphasized by Andreoni and Levinson (2001) or from the induced policy response as suggested by Grossman and Krueger (1995). This paper incorporates these two contrary views into a model and quantitatively evaluates their relative importance in shaping the EKC of U.S. water pollution. Our main findings include: (a) some scale effect in abatement technology must exist, otherwise the turning point of the EKC will be unreasonably high; (b) the scale effect alone is not sufficient to explain the practical occurrence of the turning point of the EKC; and (c) the scale effect features critically in the induced policy response as well. (JEL H41, O40, Q20)     

Estimation of Binary Response Models With Endogenous Regressors

This paper reviews six approaches to binary response (y₁) structural forms with an endogenous regressor y₂: (i) the two‐stage least squares estimator‐like substitution approach, (ii) the control function approach, (iii) the system reduced‐form approach, (iv) the artificial instrumental regressor approach, (v) the transformed‐response instrumental variable estimator approach and (vi) the classical maximum likelihood estimator approach. The applicability of the six methods differs greatly, depending on whether y₂ is a continuously distributed random variable or a discrete transformation of a latent . We conduct a real‐data‐based simulation study, and provide an empirical illustration. Our overall recommendation is using (i) and (ii), as the others have undesirable features such as analytic complexity in (iii), computational difficulty in (iv) and (vi), and poor finite‐sample performance in (v).     

铜陵与鹰潭铜工艺旅游品市场现状比较分析

铜陵和鹰潭都是以铜工艺品体现铜产业经济特色的城市,两市都大力发展铜文化,但是角度和举措不同。铜工艺品在拥有地方文化特色的基础上,与旅游产业结合起来,成为旅游产业新的经济增长点。