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991.
The small farmers and landless in India are faced with the vicious cycle of low incomes, low savings, low investment and uneconomic size of operational holdings and often are nonviable. Using data for the Haryana State of Northern India for 1977/78, the linear discriminant function was used to identify those factors which will make the majority of small farmers and landless in India a viable entity. Analysis of these data indicated that per hectare fertiliser use, area under high yielding crop varieties, operational size of holding and working capital are the factors which affect the viability of the small farmers and landless. As compared to the simple regression analysis discriminant function approach has been found an effective tool for discriminating the two social groups and for predicting the sponsored social change. However, the use of the discriminant function may be limited if the qualitative independent variable has more than two classes and its orderings are not in sequence. 相似文献
992.
Kristine M. Grimsrud Jill J. McCluskey Maria L. Loureiro Thomas I. Wahl 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2004,55(1):75-90
There is a lack of public acceptance of genetically modified (GM) food products in Europe. Using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation methodology, we find that, on average, survey respondents with a positive attitude toward the use of biotechnology in food production, higher educated, younger, and male need less of a discount to choose to purchase bread made with GM wheat. Further, we estimate confidence intervals for the mean discount required for consumers to choose GM bread. The 95% confidence interval for the mean discount required for the respondents to choose the GM bread is a 37% to 63% discount relative to conventional bread. 相似文献
993.
Many skeptics of trade liberalization in the developing world argue that lowering trade taxes can cause significant fiscal
pressures in countries particularly reliant on these taxes and result in a reallocation of resources away from important development
goals. This paper evaluates whether there is evidence that central governments systematically change the composition of spending
priorities in the wake of lowered trade tax revenues as a share of total government revenues. We find no systematic evidence
for this concern in a sample of 51 developing countries for the 1991 through 2005 period. 相似文献
994.
The debate over the use of tariffs or value added taxes in developing countries has focused on the difficulty of collecting
VAT from the informal sector. This paper contributes by considering this issue with heterogeneous firms and endogenous entry.
This yields two results. First, a cut in the tariff reduces the size of the informal sector. Second, the imposition of VAT
need not increase the size of the informal sector. Turning to simulation results, we find that switching from a tariff to
a revenue-neutral VAT increases welfare, in part because of the selection effect generated by heterogeneous firms. 相似文献
995.
When it is costly for individuals to save or to borrow, unemployment insurance (UI) provides an alternative source of liquidity
that smooths consumption over time and leads individuals to spend longer unemployed searching for a suitable job. We show
in a tractable life-cycle model how the optimal unemployment replacement ratio and the fall in consumption on job loss depend
on the cost of self-insurance and the cost of borrowing. This implies that the value of UI depends on age at job loss, consumption
needs (such as the presence of children), discount rates, the return on saving, access to credit and the presence of other
social insurance programmes. Optimal replacement rates vary substantially with plausible variation in these factors (from
less than 20 percent to almost 60 percent). 相似文献
996.
Chia-Ching Chang Sheng-Syan Chen Robin K. Chou Chin-Wen Hsin 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2011,36(3):355-390
The main purpose of this paper is to study the intraday return spillovers and their real time variations amongst selected
technology stocks. Based upon randomly selected technology stocks in terms of multilateral analysis, we find the following
evidence. Firstly, we find that positive spillover effects are discernible amongst medium- and large-sized stocks, with the
effects being directionally asymmetric between different size groups. Secondly, we find that for most stocks, the full effects
of the firm-specific shocks over other stocks are realized within approximately 30 min to 2 h. Finally, we show that the spillover
effects tend to follow an M-shaped intraday pattern. Our results suggest that during the opening and closing sessions, trades
motivated by information spilled over from other firms are relatively subordinated, with the trading at these times being
largely dominated by those based upon common market factor or firm-specific fundamental information. 相似文献
997.
Following Travlos (J Finance 42: 943–963, 1987), Loughran and Vijh (J Finance 52: 1765–1790, 1997), Harford (J Finance 54: 1969–1997, 1999), and Oler (Rev Acc Stud 13: 479–511, 2008), we investigate whether acquisitions involving stock consideration and acquirers with high cash levels are associated with
poor performance or not. In addition, we investigate whether including a long-term performance plan in top management’s compensation
package can mitigate these negative effects. We find that acquirers with a long-term performance plan are less likely to hold
a high cash balance and are less likely to use stock consideration, thus avoiding scenarios that are more likely to be value-destructive.
Even if an acquirer with a long-term performance plan carries a high cash balance or uses stock, we find that the plan is
associated with improved fundamental performance; however, this relationship does not flow through to improved post-acquisition
returns. 相似文献
998.
The main purpose of this paper is using a unique data set from IPO filings to study the IPO market as a screening device and
the going public decision. We find that private firms that are less likely to have the option to access public equity markets
receive 54 cents for each dollar they expected to raise in an IPO, whereas firms that are more likely to have the option to
go public but sell privately sell at $1.11 for each dollar they expected to receive at the IPO. This result suggests that
the lower valuation for firms sold in private markets compared to firms sold in public markets can be at least partially explained
by the lower relative bargaining power of private firms. However, owners that took their firms public before selling received,
on average, 40% larger payoffs than owners that had the option to go public but decided to sell privately. The results in
this study indicate that these differences in valuation are not fully explained by existing theoretical models on the decision
to sell privately or in two stages. 相似文献
999.
Jonathan A. Wiley Douglas M. Walker 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2011,42(1):99-114
We analyze the effects of commercial casinos on retail property values in the Detroit urban area. Accounting for property
characteristics and proximity to the casinos, casinos are found to have a significantly positive influence on retail property
values. The effect is stronger within a 5-mile radius of the casinos, suggesting that casinos have a complementary, rather
than substitution, effect on other businesses. This provides some of the first micro-level empirical evidence to support the
“drawing power” of casinos and the impact of consumer spending on surrounding businesses. The model developed and tested in
this study can be applied to other casino jurisdictions to gain further evidence on the impact of commercial casinos. 相似文献
1000.
Real estate programs are ranked based upon page counts of articles published in three major real estate journals. The page
counts are employed to capture many variations in the length of articles. For each author, his/her most recent affiliation
is used to evaluate the school competitiveness of current faculty members rather than a perceived school reputation of the
past. In this study, we find that top-tier schools in real estate research are not necessarily the most famous schools in
economics and finance; progressive universities specializing in real estate research hold the top ranks. Furthermore, school
competitiveness has changed substantially in the United States. The changes are mainly because of a mobility of faculty members.
The results also show that U.S. institutions dominate research in real estate. 相似文献