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11.
Government regulations designed to promote social welfare can have unintended consequences on efficiency. According to the
LeChatelier Principle, regulations that effectively limit substitution possibilities among inputs will reduce firm and industry-wide
efficiency. In imperfectly competitive markets, however, government constraints on a strategic variable can facilitate coordination.
An advertising restriction, for example, would improve efficiency if it enables firms to produce the same level of sales with
less advertising spending. We use data envelopment analysis to estimate the effect of marketing regulations on efficiency
in the U.S. cigarette industry. Unlike previous studies, we do not assume that marketing and production technologies are separable.
Our results demonstrate that coordination effects dominate LeChatelier effects. Cigarette producers have benefited from advertising
restrictions, a result consistent with the capture theory of regulation.
相似文献
Victor J. TremblayEmail: |
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Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination - Economists have investigated how price–wage rigidity influences macroeconomic stability. A widely accepted view asserts that increased... 相似文献
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Ichiro Iwasaki 《Post - Communist Economies》2013,25(4):503-531
The legal form of business enterprises in contemporary Russia is diversified to almost the same extent as those in major advanced countries. Joint-stock companies are now the most common form of incorporation among leading industrial enterprises. The law on joint-stock companies in Russia provides for the governance mechanism of joint-stock companies, in order to implement the concept of a ‘self-enforcing’ organisation in which the legal code of business management should be observed voluntarily by managers and large stockholders. This fundamental idea is embodied in many aspects of the current system, including the mechanism of management and supervision characterised as ‘diarchial leadership’, the balance of power between stockholders and corporate officers, and the internal audit system. However, the self-enforcing nature of the Russian enterprise has been undermined by a number of factors, including the overwhelming expansion of closed joint-stock companies, the predominance of insider ownership, the short history of internal auditing and the lack of legal enforcement power. As a result, breaches of company law are rampant in Russia today. This raises serious problems for the Russian corporate system, along with the legal peculiarity of privatised firms and people's enterprises, which complicates the system of joint-stock companies and deprives it of transparency. 相似文献
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Ichiro Iwasaki 《Post - Communist Economies》2013,25(3):301-319
This article clarifies the institutional framework and practice of the state budget compilation process in Russia, taking the 2001 federal budget as an example. The budget was the first one compiled under the new national financial system, including the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, which came into force in January 2000. The Budget Code is greatly superior to the preceding one, in the socialist era, which regulated Russia's financial activities during the initial phase of the transition period. Under the new legal system the 2001 budget was drafted by the Ministry of Finance, approved by the government, submitted to the Federal Assembly, discussed at the State Duma and finally approved by the Federation Council. A detailed analysis of this process shows that a certain order is emerging in the budget compilation process due to the comparatively amicable relationship between the government and the Federal Assembly and because of the establishment of the new legal system, including the Budget Code. The new financial system, however, has many problems, indicating that Russia will not be able to accomplish institutional changes in this field all at once. 相似文献
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Examining Rival Models of Leisure Coping Mechanisms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yoshi Iwasaki 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2013,35(2-3):183-206
The present study examined the role of leisure in coping with stress and promoting good health. Using police and emergency response service workers (n = 132), this study tested a number of theoretically grounded leisure coping models to discover mechanisms by which leisure coping influences the relationship between stressors and adaptational outcomes (i.e., immediate adaptational outcomes such as coping effectiveness and stress reduction, and physical and mental health). Ensel and Lin's (1991) life stress paradigm was adopted to conceptualize these rival models (eight in total), and structural equation modeling was used to compare goodness of fit among the models to identify the best model. The findings suggest that stressors and leisure coping appear to independently influence adaptational outcomes. Leisure coping facilitated positive immediate adaptational outcomes that subsequently had a positive impact on health, irrespective of the level of stress experienced. The potential contribution of leisure to coping with stress and health is highlighted. Results suggest that the development of enduring beliefs about the role of leisure as ways of coping (i.e., leisure coping beliefs) seems essential for the actual and effective use of leisure as a means to manage stress (i.e., leisure coping strategies). Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
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A robust game theoretic approach for constructing effective international concords for conflict solving is discussed. Ann-person cooperative game in characteristic function form is used for international conflict solving via formation of coalitions. The nucleolus and the augmented nucleolus as solution concepts of the game are derived on its alternative forms, and robustness of the solutions when the evaluation of the coalition values is varied is examined. For solving this problem, parametric linear programming is used. This approach provides in a resemblant form an-alternative device to solving the fuzzy linear programming based on interval analysis. 相似文献
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Ichiro Gombi 《The Japanese Economic Review》2003,54(1):74-85
I examine authorities' interventions in goods and money markets to keep exchange rates within targeted zones, in an economy where both the exchange rate and the prices of goods are interdependent forward-looking variables. I show that, (1) in order to support target zones in both goods and money markets, there needs to be coordinated, simultaneous intervention in the two markets; (2) intervention takes place almost certainly before the exchange rate or the price level reaches its upper or lower bounds; and (3) zones for the exchange rate and for the price level cannot be separately designed as independent policy goals. 相似文献