全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27859篇 |
免费 | 589篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 5115篇 |
工业经济 | 2004篇 |
计划管理 | 4731篇 |
经济学 | 6454篇 |
综合类 | 311篇 |
运输经济 | 216篇 |
旅游经济 | 446篇 |
贸易经济 | 4637篇 |
农业经济 | 1369篇 |
经济概况 | 3086篇 |
信息产业经济 | 3篇 |
邮电经济 | 76篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 133篇 |
2021年 | 187篇 |
2020年 | 364篇 |
2019年 | 545篇 |
2018年 | 604篇 |
2017年 | 628篇 |
2016年 | 611篇 |
2015年 | 430篇 |
2014年 | 675篇 |
2013年 | 3017篇 |
2012年 | 910篇 |
2011年 | 996篇 |
2010年 | 858篇 |
2009年 | 974篇 |
2008年 | 880篇 |
2007年 | 794篇 |
2006年 | 725篇 |
2005年 | 651篇 |
2004年 | 568篇 |
2003年 | 606篇 |
2002年 | 541篇 |
2001年 | 599篇 |
2000年 | 571篇 |
1999年 | 531篇 |
1998年 | 590篇 |
1997年 | 521篇 |
1996年 | 509篇 |
1995年 | 458篇 |
1994年 | 448篇 |
1993年 | 423篇 |
1992年 | 420篇 |
1991年 | 451篇 |
1990年 | 412篇 |
1989年 | 309篇 |
1988年 | 314篇 |
1987年 | 316篇 |
1986年 | 303篇 |
1985年 | 442篇 |
1984年 | 445篇 |
1983年 | 415篇 |
1982年 | 353篇 |
1981年 | 349篇 |
1980年 | 346篇 |
1979年 | 330篇 |
1978年 | 291篇 |
1977年 | 242篇 |
1976年 | 246篇 |
1975年 | 214篇 |
1974年 | 202篇 |
1973年 | 181篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
Fenne M. Pinkster 《International journal of urban and regional research》2014,38(6):2042-2059
One of the key challenges in the study of neighbourhood effects on work is to understand the pathways through which disadvantaged neighbourhoods impact the employment opportunities of residents. Endogenous explanations for neighbourhood effects focus on social life in these neighbourhoods, identifying mechanisms of social isolation, deviant work ethics and neighbourhood disorder. This article studies these mechanisms in a low‐income neighbourhood in the Netherlands. The case study shows that unfavourable socioeconomic outcomes can be indirect and unintended consequences of actions and choices in everyday life that are not directly concerned with work. Nevertheless, these individual actions and choices reflect local social practices that are influenced by the marginalized context in which residents lead their lives. 相似文献
993.
Jonathan P. Caulkins Gustav FeichtingerDieter Grass Richard F. HartlPeter M. Kort 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》2011,35(4):462-478
The paper considers the problem of a firm that, while producing a standard product, has the option to introduce an innovative product. The innovative product competes with the standard product and will therefore reduce revenues of the standard product. A distinction is made between innovative products that do or do not become even more relatively appealing as their market share grows (e.g., because of network externalities). It is shown that in the former case, which we call a “disruptive” good, history dependent long run equilibria can occur, which are in line with recent real life economic examples. 相似文献
994.
Within models for nonnegative time series, it is common to encounter deterministic components (trends, seasonalities) which can be specified in a flexible form. This work proposes the use of shrinkage type estimation for the parameters of such components. The amount of smoothing to be imposed on the estimates can be chosen using different methodologies: Cross-Validation for dependent data or the recently proposed Focused Information Criterion. We illustrate such a methodology using a semiparametric autoregressive conditional duration model that decomposes the conditional expectations of durations into their dynamic (parametric) and diurnal (flexible) components. We use a shrinkage estimator that jointly estimates the parameters of the two components and controls the smoothness of the estimated flexible component. The results show that, from the forecasting perspective, an appropriate shrinkage strategy can significantly improve on the baseline maximum likelihood estimation. 相似文献
995.
James O. Meredith Amy L. Grove Paul Walley Fraser Young Mairi B. Macintyre 《Operations Management Research》2011,4(3-4):89-98
Hospital operating theatres are a critical but costly resource in healthcare processes. Their efficiency and utilisation impact upon hospital finances, clinical effectiveness and patient outcomes. Operations management techniques have now been applied widely to optimise flow. An important challenge is to balance the needs of process flexibility, efficiency and work standardisation with clinical requirements. This paper applies operations management methods to analyse elective orthopaedic surgery at five international hospitals to describe the issues that affect operating theatre productivity. It utilises an innovative method of video analysis to observe patient changeovers over 29 days of surgery and data is analysed to understand the causes of variability and waste. The findings suggest that processes which are standardised via operations management methodologies can improve productivity in a process that exhibits wide variation in practice. There are apparent trade-offs associated with efficiency and clinical concerns such infection control, that lead to different standard process archetypes being utilised. Recommendations for standardising patient changeovers are provided. 相似文献
996.
The role that natural resource accounting and ecological monitoring can play in conserving biological diversity is discussed. There exists a widespread view that modifications to national income accounting procedures are crucial to the pursuit of sustainability and particularly the protection of biodiversity. However, we argue that the availability of biologically-adjusted national income figures would not, of itself, be likely to contribute significantly to the protection of biological resources. The conservation of biodiversity requires, among other things, a significantly improved understanding of the nature of environmental changes arising from imposed management regimes and the effects that these changes have on the persistence of biodiversity. On this basis, and in the context of sustainable development, we suggest that ecological monitoring should take priority over the generation of economic data.In many regions of the world sufficient ecological knowledge is available to design and implement integrated monitoring networks that can be used to track the status of many components of biodiversity and inform decisions taken over their management. We outline how this might be undertaken using a hierarchical and prioritised approach aimed, pragmatically, in the first instance at helping to preserve those ecosystems, communities and species which are perceived to be most threatened. Some emphasis is given to the Australian situation because it is the only rich megadiversity nation and it is at the forefront of the development of scientific techniques that can be used to help design soundly-based and cost-effective monitoring programs.We acknowledge the useful comments of two referees, and claim exclusive property rights in remaining errors. 相似文献
997.
Using a two-regime model of the inflation-unemployment process for US data 1960:2 to 2000:2, this paper finds strong evidence
to support the Eisner puzzle, which occurs when the short-run Phillips curve (SRPC) is flatter at low rates of unemployment
than at higher rates. The puzzling aspect of this pattern is the expectation of excess demand to become apparent at very low
rates of unemployment causing the SRPC to be steep rather than fairly flat. We show the puzzle can be resolved by estimating
a three-regime model which reveals a steep SRPC at very low rates of unemployment. The estimates of the three regime model
also reveal a horizontal SRPC at intermediate rates of unemployment, implying the existence of a range of equilibrium rates
of unemployment at those intermediate rates.
相似文献
Ian M. McDonaldEmail: |
998.
999.
Finkel ML 《Employee benefits journal》1997,22(1):12-15
Managed care has demonstrated its ability to contain costs. Its emergence as a dominant factor in the health care marketplace has raised concerns about measuring health care quality. As the field of quality assurance is evolving, it is becoming clearer that patient satisfaction surveys should be an integral component of assessing care. 相似文献
1000.
Prof. Dr. Thomas Hess Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Inf. Markus Anding Prof. Dr. Thomas Hess Dipl.-Kfm. Bernhard Gehra Dipl.-Kfm. Florian Stadlbauer Renate Schupp Dipl.-Kfm. Stefan Wittenberg Dipl.-Oec. Bernd Schulze Alexander Benlian M.A. Christoph Hirnle Vural ünlü Cando oec. publ. Barbara Rauscher Dipl.-Kfm. Benedikt von Walter Dipl.-Hdl. Andreas Müller 《Controlling & Management》2004,48(1):30-32