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51.
Alice L. MauchlineSimon R. Mortimer Julian R. Park John A. FinnKaren Haysom Duncan B. WestburyGordon Purvis Geertrui Louwagie Greg Northey Jørgen PrimdahlHenrik Vejre Lone Søderkvist KristensenKasper Vind Teilmann Jens Peter VesteragerKarlheinz Knickel Nadia KasperczykKatalin Balázs László PodmaniczkyGeorge Vlahos Stamatios Christopoulos Laura KrögerJyrki Aakkula Anja Yli-Viikari 《Land use policy》2012,29(2):317-328
The Agri-Environment Footprint Index (AFI) has been developed as a generic methodology to assess changes in the overall environmental impacts from agriculture at the farm level and to assist in the evaluation of European agri-environmental schemes (AES). The methodology is based on multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and involves stakeholder participation to provide a locally customised evaluation based on weighted environmental indicators. The methodology was subjected to a feasibility assessment in a series of case studies across the EU. The AFI approach was able to measure significant differences in environmental status between farms that participated in an AES and non-participants. Wider environmental concerns, beyond the scheme objectives, were also considered in some case studies and the benefits for identification of unintentional (and often beneficial) impacts of AESs are presented. The participatory approach to AES evaluation proved efficient in different environments and administrative contexts. The approach proved to be appropriate for environmental evaluation of complex agri-environment systems and can complement any evaluation conducted under the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. The applicability of the AFI in routine monitoring of AES impacts and in providing feedback to improve policy design is discussed. 相似文献
52.
Jens Madrian Thilo Kr?ber und Klaus Schulte 《Zeitschrift für Planung & Unternehmenssteuerung》2006,17(3):345-362
Zusammenfassung Wie werden Unternehmen in der Praxis bewertet? Welche bewertungstheoretischen Grundlagen liegen der
Bewertung zugrunde? Welche Themenstellungen im Rahmen des Akquisitionscontrolling sind von zentraler Bedeutung
für den Erfolg von M&A-Transaktionen? Als Gegenstand vieler Diskussionen und Faktoren mit erheblichem
Einfluss auf den Unternehmenswert k?nnen beispielhaft folgende Spannungsfelder aufgeführt werden:
Diese und weitere Fragestellungen werden – unterstützt durch einen theoretischen
Leitfaden – anhand einer Fallstudie aus der Bewertungspraxis dargestellt sowie diskutiert und es werden
L?sungsvorschl?ge hierfür angeboten.
• | Die übliche Annahme einer ewig werthaltigen Wachstumsrate bei der Bestimmung des Terminal Value führt h?ufig zu einer übersch?tzung des Terminal Value, weil das klassische Modell die zur Finanzierung des ewigen Wachstums notwendige h?here Kapitalbindung (z. B. Wachstumsinvestitionen und Working Capital) übersieht. In den meisten F?llen scheint es eher angemessen, davon auszugehen, dass sich zukünftig die Rendite (ROIC) den Kapitalkosten ann?hert. |
• | H?ufig wird Wertvernichtung durch M&A mit Fehlern in der Post-Merger-Integration-Phase begründet. Dabei wird nicht selten übersehen, dass Synergien im Vorfeld überbewertet werden und bei entsprechender Berücksichtigung im Kaufpreis im Nachgang des Unternehmenskaufes h?ufig gar keine M?glichkeit mehr besteht, nachhaltige Value Creation zu erzielen. |
Summary How should the value of a company be measured, and what tools and valuation methods should be used? What are the drivers in M&A that create a successful and value creating transaction?相似文献These, and other aspects of M&A’s will be addressed and discussed in this case study. The study will be based on our experiences in M&A-transactions, supported by the valuation basics and methodologies. The case study will draw conclusions, provide recommendations and possible solutions.
• It is not uncommon in M&A to use perpetuity growth rates when calculating the terminal value. Generally, we do not share this view as it neglects the incremental capital investments (ROIC) in fixed assets or working capital necessary to enable growth. To avoid overestimating the terminal value it is more appropriate that returns on incremental capital investment converge to the cost of capital (WACC). • The main reason commonly mentioned in literature for value destruction in M&A valuations is mistakes in the post-merger-integration phase. On many occasions – and in literally all industry sectors – synergies are valued quite optimistically. As a result, the transaction value paid is too high, so there is no real chance to create additional value in the first place.
53.
In online information settings, a few people tend to contribute, while the majority of people consume. For this latter group of readers, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) provides information about products or service experiences that rarely are available from manufacturer-controlled sources, which makes this source of information especially helpful. In turn, eWOM influences readers' attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Manufacturers also hope to monitor and positively influence eWOM content, such as by supporting and building brand communities. But eWOM readers might doubt the credibility of information if it is mostly positive, and the usefulness of eWOM information depends on its credibility. This study offers an empirical and theoretical validation of how specific utilitarian and social functions of eWOM affect attitudes toward and intentions to read eWOM. In particular, trustworthiness is the most important credibility dimension; it affects both functions. Perceived expertise also enhances the utilitarian while similarity improves the social function of eWOM. 相似文献
54.
A series of seminal papers argues that poaching hampers company‐sponsored general training. Empirically, however, the existence and extent of poaching remain open questions. We provide a novel empirical strategy to identify poaching. We find that only few apprenticeship training firms in Germany are ‘poaching victims’ or ‘poaching raiders’. Victims are more likely to be in a temporary downturn and raiders are more likely to be growing. Victims hardly change their training strategy after poaching and poaching seems be a transitory event. This is an important result for countries that intend to introduce apprenticeship‐type training and need to convince firms to participate in training. 相似文献
55.
56.
Jens Rommel Daniel Hermann Malte Müller Oliver Mußhoff 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2019,70(2):408-425
Recent studies cast doubt on the ability of abstract experiments to predict decision‐making in the field. Thus, scholars have argued for more ‘realism’ by introducing context to field experiments. Yet, such realism may work against the induced values of monetary incentives in economic experiments. It is an open question whether contextual framing works best with or without inducing values, through methods such as the use of monetary incentives. Using a sample of 146 German farmers, we compare experimentally the predictive power of a framed lottery in an agricultural context vs. using an abstract version. For one half of the sample, lotteries are incentivised; for the other half, they are hypothetical. Although risk preferences differ between treatments, all four lottery tasks correlate poorly with farmers’ real‐world use of risk management instruments such as harvest or hail insurance. Subjects who start with an agricultural framing are willing to take significantly greater risks in the lotteries. More generally, our findings cast doubt on the ability of lottery tasks to predict risk‐taking in the field. 相似文献
57.
We respond to the new article by Hayo, Neumeier, and Westphal (HNW), which is a critique of our 2006 article. The principal contribution of that article wa 相似文献
58.
Jens Dietrichson Ida Lykke Kristiansen Bjørn A. Viinholt 《Journal of economic surveys》2020,34(5):1007-1043
What are the long-term effects of universal preschool programs on child outcomes? We review 26 studies using natural experiments to estimate the effects of universal preschool programs for children aged 0–6 years on child outcomes measured from third grade to adulthood. Studies comparing universal preschool with a mix of parental, family, and private modes of care show mixed effects on test scores and on measures related to health, well-being, and behavior. All estimates for outcomes related to adequate primary and secondary school progression, years of schooling, highest degree completed, employment, and earnings indicate beneficial average effects of universal preschool programs. Three of the included studies calculate benefits-to-costs ratios and find ratios clearly above one. Universal preschool tends to be more beneficial for children with low socioeconomic status and there are not consistently different effects for boys or girls. Only three studies compare two alternative types of universal preschool programs in terms of long-term outcomes. 相似文献
59.
Climate change poses significant new risks and challenges for businesses and their supply chains. Additionally, in many sectors, Scope 3 indirect greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the sourcing and distribution of goods and services are larger than firms' own carbon footprints. Here we study how firms engage their key stakeholders in their supply chains in obtaining, processing, and transferring relevant climate change‐related information designed to overcome information asymmetry and drive sustainable development. Grounded in organisational information‐processing theory (OIPT), we draw on data from the Carbon Disclosure Project's Climate Change Supply Chain initiative for a qualitative content analysis of a large sample of global firms. Consistent with OIPT, we find that although firms primarily engage their supply chain partners in a variety of ways to reduce information uncertainty around indirect emissions data, effectively interpreting and managing broader sustainability information equivocality becomes a growing priority. Our findings further suggest that firms engage suppliers, customers, and other supply chain partners through basic, transactional, and collaborative types of engagement. We contribute to literatures on interorganisational information processing and sustainable supply chain management by providing a more detailed understanding of how firms engage supply chain partners in the context of climate change. 相似文献
60.
Grewal Dhruv Noble Stephanie M. Roggeveen Anne L. Nordfalt Jens 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2020,48(1):96-113
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science - This paper introduces a conceptual framework for understanding new and futuristic in-store technology infusions. First, we develop a... 相似文献