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171.
Vanthuan Nguyen Bonnie F. Van Ness Robert R. Van Ness 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2007,31(2):251-267
We examine how the different mix of informed and liquidity trading in the market for ETFs affects the nature of inter-market
competition. We find that both the characteristics of the securities and the structures of the competing markets jointly determine
the nature of inter-market competition. Given the superior execution quality on the ECNs and the low adverse selection costs
in the ETF market, anonymous market such as the ECNs, attract both liquidity and informed traders. We also find that markets
compete in a subset of ETFs. In addition, we find that quotebased competition is prevalent in the market for ETFs. 相似文献
172.
We construct a model in which the ambiguity of candidates allows them to increase the number of voters to whom they appeal.
We focus our analysis on two points that are central to obtain ambiguity in equilibrium: restrictions on the beliefs that
candidates can induce in voters, and intensity of voters' preferences. The first is necessary for a pure strategy equilibrium
to exist, while the second is necessary for ambiguity in equilibrium when there exists a Condorcet winner in the set of pure
alternatives (e.g. the spatial model of electoral competition), and when candidates' only objective is to win the election.
In this last case, an ambiguous candidate may offer voters with different preferences the hope that their most preferred alternative
will be implemented. We also show that if there are sufficiently many candidates or parties, ambiguity will not be possible
in equilibrium, but a larger set of possible policies increases the chance that at least one candidate will choose to be ambiguous
in equilibrium.
We would like to thank Alberto Alesina, Antonio Cabrales, Steve Coate, Olivier Compte, Tim Feddersen, Itzhak Gilboa, Joe Harrington,
Michel Le Breton, Alessandro Lizzeri, George Mailath, Steve Matthews, Steve Morris, Ignacio Ortuno, Tom Palfrey, Larry Samuelson,
Murat Sertel, Fernando Vega, Eyal Winter and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. The first author acknowledges financial
support from DGICYT-PB 95-0983. This work was done while the first author was visiting the Center in Political Economy at
Washington University, and visiting the Center for Basic Research in the Social Sciences at Harvard University. Their hospitality
is gratefully acknowledged. The support of the second author's research by the National Science Foundation is also gratefully
acknowledged. 相似文献
173.
174.
Ekkehart Boehmer Gary C. Sanger Sanjay B. Varshney 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2004,28(1):117-131
Given the decision to create a second class of stock through a dual-class structure, we propose that management is more (less)
likely to create a liquid secondary market for both classes of shares the lower (higher) its willingness to tie its personal
wealth to firm performance. If market makers recognize this relation, they should assign a higher likelihood to trades motivated
by superior information in shares of firms that list both classes of stock and a lower likelihood for firms that list only
one class of stock pursuant to recapitalization. Additionally, they should assign a lower likelihood to trades motivated by
superior information in shares of IPOs that choose a dual-class structure and list only one class relative to IPOs that remain
single-class. Our empirical tests based on IPOS and recaps between 1985 and 1988 provide support for these propositions. 相似文献
175.
Using a sample of S & P 500 firms, we find that golden parachutes are associated with concentrated external ownership, less
concentrated internal ownership, and non-Delaware incorporation. We find little support that concentrated external owners
use golden parachutes as credible commitment devices. The general multivariate results support the incentive alignment hypothesis,
and reaffirm the view that golden parachutes are a mechanism used to align managerial and shareholder interests when there
is a separation between ownership and control. (JEL G32) 相似文献
176.
177.
178.
Charles Blackorby Daniel Primont R. Robert Russell 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,28(3):203-208
We show that the Hotelling–Lau elasticity of substitution, an extension of the Allen–Uzawa elasticity to allow for optimal
output-quantity (or utility) responses to changes in factor prices, inherits all of the failings of the Allen–Uzawa elasticity
identified by Blackorby and Russell [(1989) Am Econ Rev 79: 882–888]. An analogous extension of the Morishima elasticity of
substitution to allow for output quantity changes preserves the salient properties of the original Hicksian notion of elasticity
of substitution.
We thank Paolo Bertoletti for drawing our attention to the issue addressed in this paper and for his comments on an earlier
draft. 相似文献
179.
This paper investigates the post-issue operating performance of companies that conducted seasoned equity offerings (SEO) in
the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) during the period 1991 to 1994. It is documented that SEO firms exhibited declining operating
performance after the offering. Further, there is a negative relation between inside ownership concentration and postissue
operating performance decline. In support of the signaling effect, the ratio of issue proceeds to pre-issue equity also negatively
relates to post-issue operating performance. Further, the negative relation between issue proceeds and operating performance
decline is intensified among SEO firms with high insider ownership concentration. The finding offers evidence in support of
agency conflicts and information asymmetry and suggests that the two factors are operating simultaneously. 相似文献
180.
Kathleen Seiders Glenn B. Voss Andrea L. Godfrey Dhruv Grewal 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(1):144-156
As customers have demanded greater convenience in service exchanges, researchers have responded by incorporating the convenience
construct into their conceptual models and empirical studies, but a comprehensive, formally validated measure of convenience
remains lacking. This study conceptualizes service convenience as a second-order, five-dimensional construct that reflects
consumers’ perceived time and effort in purchasing or using a service. Service convenience dimensions are salient at different
stages of the purchase decision process. Given this conceptualization, the study presents the development and validation of
the SERVCON scale, a comprehensive instrument for measuring service convenience. The five dimensions are independent within
a nomological network that illustrates distinct antecedent and consequent effects, and the results reinforce the multidimensional
representation, offering insight into the distinctive relationships between each service convenience dimension and its antecedents,
such as competitive intensity, and consequences, such as repurchase behavior. The findings help researchers and managers understand
a fully conceptualized convenience construct and facilitate the measurement of convenience in future empirical studies. 相似文献