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131.
Karl–Wolfgang Menck 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2005,85(1):48-51
Öffentlich gesicherte Exportgarantien und –bürgschaften bilden die Grundlage
der staatlichen Ausfuhrförderung in Deutschland. Wie sind Exportkredite aus
ordnungspolitischer Sicht zu bewerten? Welche Risiken werden in der Praxis abgedeckt?
Gibt es Anlass, die mittel– und langfristige Exportfinanzierung der Unternehmen zu
reformieren?Dr. Karl–Wolfgang Menck, 63, ist wissenschaftlicher
Mitarbeiter im Forschungsschwerpunkt
Handel und Entwicklung im Hamburgischen
Welt–Wirtschafts–Archiv (HWWA) in Hamburg. 相似文献
132.
Karl Blessing 《De Economist》1959,107(1):678-691
Vortrag vor der Nederlandsche Economische Hoogeschool in Rotterdam am 16. Oktober 1959. 相似文献
133.
Ludwig Erhard 《Journal of Economics》1956,16(1-2):19-36
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
134.
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136.
There are two important rules to patent races: minimal accomplishment necessary to receive the patent and the allocation of the innovation benefits. We study the optimal combination of these rules. A planner, who cannot distinguish between competing firms in a multistage innovation race, chooses the patent rules by maximizing either consumer or social surplus. We show that efficiency cost of prizes is a key consideration. Races are undesirable only when efficiency costs are low, firms are similar, and social surplus is maximized. Otherwise, the optimal policy involves a race of nontrivial duration to spur innovation and filter out inferior innovators. 相似文献
137.
Karl Schlag 《Journal of economic behavior & organization》2012,81(1):153-158
Regret-minimizing strategies for repeated games have been receiving increasing attention in the literature. These are simple adaptive behavior rules that lead to no regrets and, if followed by all players, exhibit nice convergence properties: the average play converges to correlated equilibrium, or even to Nash equilibrium in certain classes of games. However, the no-regret property relies on a strong assumption that each player treats her opponents as unresponsive and fully ignores the opponents’ possible reactions to her actions. We show that if at least one player is slightly responsive, it is impossible to achieve no regrets, and convergence results for regret minimization with responsive opponents are unknown. 相似文献
138.
The euro area crisis is the main external factor threatening the Swiss economy. In 2010 and 2011, the Swiss franc was rapidly
appreciating against the euro, causing a drop in exports, losses for the tourism business and a rise in unemployment. This
paper gives an overview of developments in the euro area and explains the reasons for the strength of the franc, the effects
it had on the economy and the measures taken to curtail its appreciation. 相似文献
139.
In recent years, the continuous structural change in the value chain of modern food production has been characterised by an increasing international division of labour among manufacturing companies. A regional specialisation of primary agricultural production is especially apparent in meat production. Thus, the German–Dutch border area has developed into a region of unprecedented intensive pork production. While The Netherlands specialises in piglet production, the production of fattened pigs continues to grow in northwest Germany. As a result of this increasing transnational value chain development, German imports of Dutch piglets have risen continuously since 2000. However, this structural interweaving of pork production between The Netherlands and Germany has resulted in many new challenges for the cooperation between the various participants and in particular for the administrative authorities in the field of food and feed safety as well as efficient animal disease control. The motivation for this exploratory study stems from the lack of scientific work on this topic to date. The aim of this research is to illustrate the relevance of functioning cross-border cooperation in the food sector, using commodity flow structures and disease spread analysis. Results indicate that cross-border cooperation between authorities during a CSF epidemic can reduce the risk of recurrence and the duration by 50%. 相似文献
140.