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991.
Risk aversion experiments such as those by Holt and Laury (2002, 2005) measure risk aversion by examining subjects’ responses to a series of probability-ordered choices. Subjects are paid real
money rewards, using the random round payment method in which the amount is determined by one randomly selected decision.
The findings reported here were obtained from 119 subjects who confronted the same choice set and payment amounts, but 60
of these subjects were paid using the random-round method while the remaining 59 were paid based on an average of all their
choices, the accumulated value method. The accumulated value payment method simulates portfolio returns, as opposed to returns
from stand alone investments. Results indicate that accumulated value subjects took more risk and made more inconsistent decisions. 相似文献
992.
Andrea Migone 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2011,24(4):355-381
The recent economic crisis has once more underscored the close connection between markets and social life, thrusting this
point at the centre of the analysis of economic and political activity and has once more asked the question of whether and
how individuals are embedded in both. Here I argue that an analysis and partial reconciliation of the positions of F.A. Hayek
and Karl Polanyi on the topic can help in this debate. 相似文献
993.
We compare two types of uniform-price auction formats commonly used in wholesale electricity markets—centrally committed and
self-committed markets. Auctions in both markets are conducted by an independent system operator that collects generator bids
and determines which generators will operate and how much electricity each will produce. In centrally committed markets, generators
submit two-part bids consisting of a startup cost and a variable energy cost. Self-committed markets force generators to incorporate
their startup costs into a one-part energy bid. The system operator in a centrally committed system ensures that each generator
recovers the startup and energy costs stated in its two-part bid, while no such guarantees are made in self-committed markets.
The energy cost ranking and incentive properties of these market designs remains an open question. While the system operator
can determine the most efficient dispatch with a centralized market, the auction mechanism used to solicit generator data
compels generators to overstate costs. Self commitment might involve less efficient dispatch but have better incentive properties.
We derive Nash equilibria for both market designs in a symmetric duopoly setting. We also derive simple conditions under which
the two market designs will be expected cost-equivalent. 相似文献
994.
Christopher C. Moore Daniel J. Phaneuf Walter N. Thurman 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,50(1):1-26
In this article we evaluate a US Forest Service plan to mitigate damages from an invasive insect on public, forested land.
We develop a dynamic model of infestation and control to explicitly account for biological interactions, baseline conditions,
and uncertainty, thus creating a more complete picture of policy impacts than a static cost benefit analysis could provide.
We combine the results of the dynamic model with an empirical study of nonmarket forest benefits to create a bioeconomic model
of ecosystem management. Estimating the empirical model in a Bayesian framework allows us to treat the economic coefficients
of the dynamic model as random variables. We specify distributions for the biological parameters and examine the effects of
both biological and economic uncertainty on the predictive distribution of net benefits. We find that the net benefits of
the program are positive, and that uncertainty in the biological model contributes substantially more to the variance of our
estimate than does uncertainty over the valuation of the resource. 相似文献
995.
Commercial food health branding is a challenging branch of marketing because it might, at the same time, promote healthy living
and be commercially viable. However, the power to influence individuals’ health behavior and overall health status makes it
crucial for marketing professionals to take into account the ethical dimensions of health branding: this article presents
a conceptual analysis of potential ethical problems in health branding. The analysis focuses on ethical concerns related to
the application of three health brand elements (functional claims, process claims, and health symbols) as well as a number
of general concerns that apply to health branding as such. Being a pioneering analysis, this article advances the academic
understanding of health branding and provides practitioners with knowledge of important concerns to take into account when
marketing health brands. 相似文献
996.
997.
Using two approaches to panel data, Granger causality analysis with semi-asymptotic tests, and a structural approach based
on entropies measured on sequences of multiperiod ratings and returns, we specify the relationship between a fund’s performance
and both Morningstar and Europerformance ratings. We conclude on the Europerformance agency’s forecasting ability for the
Luxembourg funds, and the Morningstar agency for the French funds. Indeed, we find two groups of funds depending on their
domiciliation and appropriated rating. The results of this paper have implications for the management of fund portfolios,
and the structural approach, more robust to our data, must be a first process for forecast models on the basis of similar
funds, minor uncertainty or risk measure, and appropriated rating. 相似文献
998.
999.
Elżbieta Wojnicka 《Intereconomics》2001,36(6):305-314
In the 1990s a major change took place in the ownership structure in the Polish economy, with a dramatic shift towards the
private sector. The following article examines the different ways in which privatisation has taken place, the penetration
of foreign capital into the Polish economy and the role which foreign direct investment has played in the transformation process.
The author is an expert of the Goansk Institute for Market Economics; she would like to thank Catherine Lockhead-Strzępka,
Institute of Economics at the University of Information Technology in Rzeszów, for corrections to the English translation. 相似文献
1000.
Beate Schirwitz 《Empirical Economics》2009,37(2):287-301
Business cycle chronologies offer reference points for empirical studies used as benchmarks for business cycle and recession
theory. A quasi-official chronology exists for the US economy, but not for most European countries, including Germany. While
most papers dealing with business cycle dates rely on one specific method, I present and discuss a number of different dating
approaches based on the classical business cycle. These are applied to German GDP data comprising 1970–2006. Finally, based
on the results of the different methods, a consensus business cycle chronology for the German economy is suggested. 相似文献