2022年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2023年展望

研究目的：总结2022年国内外土地科学研究的重点进展，展望2023年中国土地科学的发展趋势及《中国土地科学》重点关注方向。研究方法：文献调查法。研究结果：2022年国内研究重点关注自然资源资产产权制度改革、土地要素市场化改革、宅基地“三权分置”、农地确权与流转、耕地资源可持续利用、土地绿色低碳利用、全域土地综合整治、国土空间格局优化与生态修复等科学问题；国外研究重点关注非正式制度与土地产权保护、土地市场建设、土地制度改革评价、空间规划与可持续发展、土地资源优化配置与整治、自然资源治理与信息技术革新等问题。研究结论：围绕严守资源安全底线、优化国土空间格局、推进绿色低碳发展、维护资源资产权益等战略需求，2023年《中国土地科学》将重点关注耕地资源可持续利用与粮食安全、国土空间用途管制与土地要素市场化配置、国土空间生态修复与土地绿色低碳利用、自然资源资产产权制度改革与权益实现等相关研究问题及选题方向。     

Geographic Cross-Sectional Fiscal Spending Multipliers and the Role of Local Autonomy: Evidence from European Regions

Using a panel of 268 European regions during 1990–2014, we document that the degree of local government's autonomy, measured with the “Local Autonomy Index,” has a significant positive effect on the fiscal spending multiplier. The estimated geographic cross-sectional fiscal spending multiplier is on average close to zero in countries with the lowest degree of local autonomy, and around unity in countries with the highest degree of local autonomy. Multipliers are state-dependent: larger when gross domestic product is below trend and when there is slack in the labor market; in those states, local autonomy has a particularly large positive effect on the multiplier. To interpret the empirical findings, we build a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model where both local and central government spending contribute to a public good that enhances private labor productivity. Local governments are more efficient in producing the public good and the multiplier is higher in countries where local government spending has a larger share in the production of the public good.