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Lori?A.?MuseEmail author Matthew?W.?Rutherford Sharon?L.?Oswald Jennie?E.?Raymond 《Small Business Economics》2005,24(2):97-111
This study used a sample of 4,637 small businesses to test the relationship between organizational commitment to employees (OCE) and company performance. OCE was significant in all five of the performance models. The results of the employee productivity model revealed a significant positive relationship between OCE and company performance, suggesting that small businesses might be able to realize some benefit in employee productivity from OCE programs. In addition, results from the return on assets, return on sales, return on cashflow, and employee growth models indicated that some OCE programs might be more beneficial to small businesses than others. Potential antecedents of OCE were also examined. Company size, owner education, and gender of the owner had positive relationships with OCE. Partial support was also found for a positive relationship between owner experience and OCE. Differences in the results of this study compared to studies for larger corporations and suggestions for future research are also discussed. 相似文献
995.
We study how to reward innovators who build on one another. Rewards come in the form of patents. Because patent rights are scarce, the optimal allocation involves sharing: More than one innovator's patent is in force at a given time. We interpret such allocations as patents that infringe one another as licensing through an ever growing patent pool and as randomization through litigation. We contrast the rate of technological progress under the optimal allocation with the outcome if sharing is prohibitively costly. Avoiding sharing initially slows progress and leads to a more variable rate of technological progress. 相似文献
996.
The Dynamics of Guanxi and Ethics for Chinese Executives 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This study empirically examines how Chinese executives perceive the role of guanxi and ethics played in their business operations. By factor-analyzing 850 valid replies collected from a comprehensive survey, the present study identifies three distinct ethics-related attitudes and two distinct guanxi-related attitudes for Chinese executives. The cluster analysis of the composite scores of these five attitudinal factors further indicates the existence of three distinct groups of Chinese executives that vary in their ethics and guanxi orientations. The three groups are unethical profit seeker (UPS), anti-governance, guanxi-cultivator (AGGC), and apathetic executive (AE). The three groups are also found to be significantly different in such demographic characteristics as age and the ownership structure of the serving organization. Specifically, the inter-group comparison suggests that younger Chinese executives, and those working for privately-owned firms and joint ventures are more inclined to engage in unethical activities for profits. These findings provide useful insights for international investors to formulate their human resource and negotiation strategies in China. 相似文献
997.
Sustained large U.S. current account deficits have led
some economists and policymakers to worry that future
current account adjustment could occur through a sudden
and disruptive depreciation of the dollar and a
sharp drop in U.S. consumption. Two factors that, to
date, have cast doubt on such concerns are the stability
of U.S. net external liabilities and the minimal net
income payments made by the United States on these liabilities.
We show that the stability of the external position
reflects sizable capital gains stemming from strong foreign
equity markets and a weaker dollar—conditions
that could be reversed in the future. We also show that
while minimal U.S. net income payments reflect a much
higher measured rate of return on U.S. foreign direct
investment (FDI) assets than on U.S. FDI liabilities,
JEL Classification F21 相似文献
998.
This article helps to clarify and articulate the ideological, legal, and ethical attitudes regarding software as intellectual
property (IP). Computer software can be viewed as IP from both ethical and legal perspectives. The size and growth of the
software industry suggest that large profits are possible through the development and sale of software. The rapid growth of
the open source movement, fueled by the development of the Linux operating system, suggests another model is possible. The
large number of unauthorized copies of software programs suggests that many people do not believe in laws regarding software
copyright. There are many and varied views of software as IP, even within the information systems (IS) profession. In this
article, four distinct subgroups of IS professionals are identified. The article describes the four subgroups and their respective
ideological views on software ownership; it explores the subgroups’ attitudes regarding software laws; and finally, it explains
the ethical positions embraced by each subgroup. 相似文献
999.
Analysis of longitudinal data from Employers Skills Updating Surveys in the United Kingdom suggests that in many establishments training plans were blown off course by the 2008–2009 recession, with reduced coverage of adult training and especially of off‐the‐job training. The effects of such cutbacks on skill levels have been partially alleviated by more precise targeting of on‐the‐job training on meeting skills improvement needs. However, in a sizeable proportion of establishments, future productivity and competitiveness are likely to be impaired by failure to upgrade adult workers' skills to standards which employers themselves perceived as necessary prior to the recession. 相似文献
1000.
The Effects of Accounting Standard Precision,Auditor Task Expertise,and Judgment Frameworks on Audit Firm Litigation Exposure 下载免费PDF全文
Jonathan H. Grenier Bradley Pomeroy Matthew T. Stern 《Contemporary Accounting Research》2015,32(1):336-357
Recent research suggests that adopting imprecise accounting standards elevates audit firm litigation exposure and could undermine auditor objectivity if audit firms respond by herding to industry norms. This paper reports the results of two experiments that demonstrate how audit firms can effectively mitigate the elevated litigation exposure without herding to industry norms by staffing engagements with recognized technical experts, using judgment frameworks and automated decision aids, and providing persuasive evidence of adherence to auditing standards. We find that judgment frameworks are particularly well‐suited for defending judgments under imprecise standards, and represent a cost‐effective alternative to using technical experts. However, our results also indicate that judgment frameworks may provide a safe harbor for relatively low‐quality judgments when those frameworks are used under precise standards. We discuss implications for audit firms, courts, and regulators that currently conduct or evaluate audits within and across jurisdictions where the precision of accounting standards varies considerably. 相似文献